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procÎļþϵͳĿ¼½âÎö

/proc ÊÇÒ»¸öαÎļþϵͳ, ±»ÓÃ×÷ÄÚºËÊý¾Ý½á¹¹µÄ½Ó¿Ú, ¶ø²»½ö½öÊǽâÊÍ˵Ã÷ /dev/kmem. /procÀïµÄ´ó¶àÊýÎļþ¶¼ÊÇÖ»¶ÁµÄ, µ«Ò²¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýдһЩÎļþÀ´¸Ä±äÄں˱äÁ¿.

ÏÂÃæ¶ÔÕû¸ö /proc Ŀ¼×÷Ò»¸ö´óÂԵĽéÉÜ.

[number]

ÔÚ /proc Ŀ¼Àï, ÿ¸öÕýÔÚÔËÐеĽø³Ì¶¼ÓÐÒ»¸öÒԸýø³Ì ID ÃüÃûµÄ×ÓĿ¼, ÆäÏ°üÀ¨ÈçϵÄĿ¼ºÍαÎļþ.

[number] /cmdline

¸ÃÎļþ±£´æÁ˽ø³ÌµÄÍêÕûÃüÁîÐÐ. Èç¹û¸Ã½ø³ÌÒѾ­±»½»»»³öÄÚ´æ, »òÕ߸ýø³ÌÒѾ­½©ËÀ, ÄÇô¾ÍûÓÐÈκζ«Î÷ÔÚ¸ÃÎļþÀï, Õâʱºò¶Ô¸ÃÎļþµÄ¶Á²Ù×÷½«·µ»ØÁã¸ö×Ö·û. ¸ÃÎļþÒÔ¿Õ×Ö·û null ¶ø²»ÊÇ»»Ðзû×÷Ϊ½áÊø±êÖ¾.

[number] /cwd

Ò»¸ö·ûºÅÁ¬½Ó, Ö¸Ïò½ø³Ìµ±Ç°µÄ¹¤×÷Ŀ¼. ÀýÈç, ÒªÕÒ³ö½ø³Ì 20 µÄ cwd, Äã¿ÉÒÔ:

cd /proc/20/cwd; /bin/pwd

Çë×¢Òâ pwd ÃüÁîͨ³£ÊÇ shell ÄÚÖõÄ, ÔÚÕâÑùµÄÇé¿öÏ¿ÉÄܹ¤×÷µÃ²»ÊǺܺÃ(casper ×¢£º pwd Ö»ÄÜÏÔʾ /proc/20/cwd£¬ ÒªÊÇÏëÖªµÀËüµÄ¹¤×÷Ŀ¼£¬Ö±½Óls -al /proc/20²»¾ÍºÃÁË£©.

[number] /environ

¸ÃÎļþ±£´æ½ø³ÌµÄ»·¾³±äÁ¿, ¸÷ÏîÖ®¼äÒÔ¿Õ×Ö·û·Ö¸ô, ½áβҲ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒ»¸ö¿Õ×Ö·û. Òò´Ë, Èç¹ûÒªÊä³ö½ø³Ì 1 µÄ»·¾³±äÁ¿, ÄãÓ¦¸Ã:

(cat /proc/1/environ; echo) | tr ";\000"; ";\n";

(ÖÁÓÚΪʲôÏëÒªÕâô×ö, Çë²ÎÔÄ lilo(8).)

[number] /exe

Ò²ÊÇÒ»¸ö·ûºÅÁ¬½Ó, Ö¸Ïò±»Ö´ÐеĶþ½øÖÆ´úÂë. ÔÚ Linux 2.0 »òÕ߸üÔçµÄ°æ±¾ÏÂ, ¶Ô exe ÌØÊâÎļþµÄ readlink(2) ·µ»ØÒ»¸öÈçϸñʽµÄ×Ö·û´®: [É豸ºÅ]:½ÚµãºÅ ¾Ù¸öÀý×Ó, [0301]:1502 ¾ÍÊÇijÉ豸µÄ 1502 ½Úµã, ¸ÃÉ豸µÄÖ÷É豸ºÅΪ 03 (Èç IDE, MFM µÈÇý¶¯Æ÷), ´ÓÉ豸ºÅΪ 01 (µÚÒ»¸öÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄµÚÒ»·ÖÇø). ¶øÔÚ Linux 2.2 ÏÂ, readlink(2) Ôò¸ø³öÃüÁîµÄʵ¼Ê·¾¶Ãû. ÁíÍâ, ¸Ã·ûºÅÁ¬½ÓÒ²¿ÉÒÔÕý³£ÎöÒýÓÃ(ÊÔͼ´ò¿ª exe Îļþʵ¼ÊÉϽ«´ò¿ªÒ»¸ö¿ÉÖ´ÐÐÎļþ). ÄãÉõÖÁ¿ÉÒÔ¼üÈë /proc/[number]/exe À´ÔËÐÐ [number] ½ø³ÌµÄ¸±±¾. ´ø -inum Ñ¡ÏîµÄ find(1) ÃüÁî¿ÉÒÔ¶¨Î»¸ÃÎļþ.

[number] /fd

½ø³ÌËù´ò¿ªµÄÿ¸öÎļþ¶¼ÓÐÒ»¸ö·ûºÅÁ¬½ÓÔÚ¸Ã×ÓĿ¼Àï, ÒÔÎļþÃèÊö·ûÃüÃû, Õâ¸öÃû×Öʵ¼ÊÉÏÊÇÖ¸ÏòÕæÕýµÄÎļþµÄ·ûºÅÁ¬½Ó£¬£¨ºÍ exe ¼Ç¼һÑù£©£®ÀýÈç, 0 ÊDZê×¼ÊäÈë, 1 ÊDZê×¼Êä³ö, 2 ÊDZê×¼´íÎó, µÈµÈ. ³ÌÐòÓÐʱ¿ÉÄÜÏëÒª¶ÁÈ¡Ò»¸öÎļþÈ´²»ÏëÒª±ê×¼ÊäÈ룬»òÕßÏëдµ½Ò»¸öÎļþÈ´²»Ï뽫Êä³öË͵½±ê×¼Êä³öÈ¥£¬ÄÇô¾Í¿ÉÒÔºÜÓÐЧµØÓÃÈçϵİ취ƭ¹ý(¼Ù¶¨ -i ÊÇÊäÈëÎļþµÄ±êÖ¾, ¶ø -o ÊÇÊä³öÎļþµÄ±êÖ¾):

foobar -i /proc/self/fd/0 -o /proc/self/fd/1 ...

ÕâÑù¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸öÄÜÔËתµÄ¹ýÂËÆ÷. Çë×¢Òâ¸Ã·½·¨²»ÄÜÓÃÀ´ÔÚÎļþÀïËÑË÷, ÕâÊÇÒòΪ fd Ŀ¼ÀïµÄÎļþÊDz»¿ÉËÑË÷µÄ. ÔÚ UNIX ÀàµÄϵͳÏÂ, /proc/self/fd/N »ù±¾ÉϾÍÓë /dev/fd/N Ïàͬ. ʵ¼ÊÉÏ, ´ó¶àÊýµÄ Linux MAKEDEV ½Å±¾¶¼½« /dev/fd ·ûºÅÁ¬½Óµ½ [..]/proc/self/fd ÉÏ.

[number] /maps

¸ÃÎļþ°üº¬µ±Ç°µÄÓ³ÏóÄÚ´æÇø¼°ËûÃǵķÃÎÊÐí¿É. ¸ñʽÈçÏÂ:

address perms offset dev inode

00000000-0002f000 r-x-- 00000400 03:03 1401

0002f000-00032000 rwx-p 0002f400 03:03 1401

00032000-0005b000 rwx-p 00000000 00:00 0

60000000-60098000 rwx-p 00000400 03:03 215

60098000-600c7000 rwx-p 00000000 00:00 0

bfffa000-c0000000 rwx-p 00000000 00:00 0

address Êǽø³ÌËùÕ¼¾ÝµÄµØÖ·¿Õ¼ä, perms ÊÇȨÏÞ¼¯:

r = read

w = write

x = execute

s = shared

p = private (copy on write)

offset ÊÇÎļþ»òÕß±ðµÄʲôµÄÆ«ÒÆÁ¿, dev ÊÇÉ豸ºÅ(Ö÷É豸ºÅ:´ÓÉ豸ºÅ), ¶ø inode ÔòÊÇÉ豸µÄ½ÚµãºÅ. 0 ±íÃ÷ûÓнڵãÓëÄÚ´æÏà¶ÔÓ¦, ¾ÍÏó bss µÄÇéÐÎ.

ÔÚ Linux 2.2 Ï»¹Ôö¼ÓÁËÒ»¸öÓò¸ø¿ÉÓõÄ·¾¶Ãû.

mem

¸ÃÎļþ²¢²»ÊÇ mem (1:1) É豸, ¾¡¹ÜËüÃÇÓÐÏàͬµÄÉ豸ºÅ. /dev/mem É豸ÊÇ×öÈκεØַת»»Ö®Ç°µÄÎïÀíÄÚ´æ, ¶øÕâÀïµÄ mem ÎļþÊÇ·ÃÎÊËüµÄ½ø³ÌµÄÄÚ´æ.Ä¿Ç°Õâ¸ö mem »¹²»ÄÜ mmap(2) £¨ÄÚ´æÓ³É䣩³öÈ¥£¬¶øÇÒ¿ÉÄÜÒ»Ö±ÒªµÈµ½ÄÚºËÖÐÔö¼ÓÁËÒ»¸öͨÓÃµÄ mmap(2) ÒÔºó²ÅÄÜʵÏÖ£® (Ò²ÐíÔÚÄã¶Á±¾ÊÖ²áҳʱÕâÒ»ÇÐÒѾ­·¢ÉúÁË)

mmap

mmap(2) ×öµÄ maps Ó³ÉäĿ¼£¬ÊÇºÍ exe, fd/* µÈÀàËƵķûºÅÁ¬½Ó. Çë×¢Òâ maps °üº¬ÁË±È /proc/*/mmap ¸ü¶àµÄÐÅÏ¢, ËùÒÔÓ¦¸Ã·ÏÆú mmap. ";0"; ͨ³£Ö¸ libc.so.4. ÔÚ linux ÄÚºË 1.1.40 Àï, /proc/*/mmap ±»È¡ÏûÁË. (ÏÖÔÚÊÇÕæµÄ ·ÏÆú²»ÓÃÁË!)

root

ÒÀ¿¿ÏµÍ³µ÷Óà chroot(2), unix ºÍ linux ¿ÉÒÔÈÃÿ¸ö½ø³ÌÓи÷×ÔµÄÎļþϵͳ¸ùĿ¼. ÓÉ chroot(2) ϵͳµ÷ÓÃÉèÖ㮸ùÖ¸ÏòÎļþϵͳµÄ¸ù£¬ÐÔÖʾÍÏó exe, fd/* µÈÒ»Ñù£®

[ Last edited by frog on 2005-9-22 at 11:22 ]
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