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ÔÚ Linux ÉϽøÐÐ×Ô¶¯±¸·Ý(Ç¿ÁÒÍƼö)

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Carlos Justiniano £¨Carlos.Justiniano@ecuityinc.com£©
Èí¼þÉè¼Æʦ, Ecuity Inc.
2004 Äê 8 ÔÂ

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CODE: [Copy to clipboard]
#!/bin/sh
tar czvf $1.$(date +%Y%m%d%-H%M%S).tgz $1
exit $?



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CODE: [Copy to clipboard]
$ ls
arc beoserver
$ ./arc beoserver
beoserver/
beoserver/bookl.dat
beoserver/beoserver_ab_off
beoserver/beoserver_ab_on
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arc beoserver beoserver.20040321-014844.tgz



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ÎÒÃǵÄÄ¿±ê½«ÊÇ£¬²»ÐèÒªÈ˹¤ÌṩÃÜÂë¾Í¿ÉÒÔ°²È«µØ·ÃÎÊ»úÆ÷¡£Ò»Ð©ÈËÈÏΪ×î¼òµ¥µÄ°ì·¨ÊÇÉèÖÃÎÞÃÜÂëµÄ·ÃÎÊ£º²»ÒªÕâÑù×ö¡£ÕâÑù×ö²»°²È«¡£²»ÓÃÄÇÑù£¬±¾ÎÄÖÐÎÒÃǽ«Ê¹Óõķ½·¨¿ÉÄÜ»áÕ¼ÓÃÄú´óÔ¼Ò»¸öСʱµÄʱ¼ä£¬½¨Á¢ÆðÒ»¸öÓëʹÓá°ÎÞÃÜÂ롱ÕʺÅͬÑù·½±ãµÄϵͳ ---- ²»¹ýËüÊǹ«ÈϷdz£°²È«µÄ¡£

ÈÃÎÒÃÇÊ×ÏÈÈ·±£ OpenSSH ÒѾ­°²×°£¬½ÓÏÂÀ´²é¿´ËüµÄ°æ±¾ºÅ¡£Íê³É±¾ÎÄʱ£¬×îеķ¢ÐÐµÄ OpenSSH ÊÇ 2004 Äê 2 Ô 24 ÈÕ·¢²¼µÄ°æ±¾ 3.8¡£ÄúÓ¦¸Ã¿¼ÂÇʹÓÃÒ»¸ö½ÏеĶøÇÒÎȶ¨µÄ·¢²¼°æ±¾£¬ÖÁÉÙËùÓõİ汾Ӧ¸ÃÒª±È°æ±¾ 2.x С£·ÃÎÊ OpenSSH Security ÍøÒ³ÒÔ»ñµÃ¹ØÓÚÌض¨¾É°æ±¾µÄȱÏݵÄϸ½Ú£¨Çë²ÎÔı¾ÎĺóÃæµÄ ²Î¿¼×ÊÁÏ ÖеÄÁ´½Ó£©¡£µ½Ä¿Ç°ÎªÖ¹£¬OpenSSH ÊǷdz£Îȶ¨µÄ£¬¶øÇÒÒѾ­Ö¤Ã÷²»´æÔÚÆäËû SSH ¹¤¾ßËù±¨¸æµÄºÜ¶àȱÏÝ¡£

ÔÚ shell Ìáʾ·ûÖУ¬ÊäÈë ssh ²¢¸ø³öÖØÒªµÄ V Ñ¡ÏîÀ´¼ì²é°æ±¾ºÅ£º

$ ssh -V
OpenSSH_3.5p1, SSH protocols 1.5/2.0, OpenSSL 0x0090701f

Èç¹û ssh ·µ»ØµÄ°æ±¾ºÅ´óÓÚ 2.x£¬Ôò»úÆ÷´¦ÓÚÏà¶ÔÁ¼ºÃµÄ״̬¡£ÎÞÂÛÈçºÎ£¬½¨ÒéÄúËùÓеÄÈí¼þ¶¼Ê¹ÓÃ×îеÄÎȶ¨°æ±¾£¬Õâ¶ÔÓÚ°²È«Ïà¹ØµÄÈí¼þÀ´ËµÓÈÆäÖØÒª¡£

ÎÒÃǵĵÚÒ»¸ö²½ÖèÊÇ£¬Ê¹Óý«»áÓÐÌØȨ·ÃÎÊ·þÎñÆ÷ 1 ºÍ 2 µÄÕʺŵǼµ½ÀëÏß´æ´¢·þÎñÆ÷»úÆ÷£¨¼ûͼ 1£©¡£

$ ssh accountname@somedomain.com

µÇ¼µ½ÀëÏß´æ´¢·þÎñÆ÷ÒÔºó£¬Ê¹Óà ssh-keygen ³ÌÐò²¢¸ø³ö -t dsa Ñ¡ÏîÀ´´´½¨Ò»¸ö¹«Ô¿/ÃÜÔ¿¶Ô¡£ -t Ñ¡ÏîÊDZØÐëµÄ£¬ÓÃÀ´Ö¸¶¨ÎÒÃÇÒªÉú³ÉµÄÃÜÔ¿ÀàÐÍ¡£ÎÒÃǽ«Ê¹ÓÃÊý×ÖÇ©ÃûËã·¨£¨Digital Signature Algorithm£¬DSA£©£¬ËüÈÃÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓøüÐ嵀 SSH2 ЭÒé¡£²ÎÔÄ ssh-keygen ÊÖ²áÒÔ»ñµÃ¸ü¶àϸ½Ú¡£

ÔÚ ssh-keygen Ö´ÐеĹý³ÌÖУ¬ÔÚѯÎÊÄú¿ÚÁpassphrase£©Ö®Ç°£¬½«ÌáʾÄúÊäÈë ssh ÃÜÔ¿´æ´¢µÄλÖᣵ±Ñ¯ÎÊÔںδ¦´æ´¢ÃÜԿʱֻÐèÒª°´Ï»سµ¼ü£¬È»ºó ssh-keygen ³ÌÐò½«´´½¨Ò»¸öÃûΪ .ssh µÄÒþ²ØĿ¼£¨Èç¹ûÔ­À´²»´æÔÚ£©£¬ÒÔ¼°Á½¸öÎļþ£¬Ò»¸ö¹«Ô¿ÎļþºÍÒ»¸ö˽ԿÎļþ¡£

ssh-keygen µÄÒ»¸öÓÐȤÌØÐÔÊÇ£¬µ±ÌáʾÊäÈëÒ»¸ö¿ÚÁîʱ£¬ËüÈÃÄú¿ÉÒÔÖ»ÊǼòµ¥µØ°´Ï»سµ¼ü¡£Èç¹ûÄúûÓиø³ö¿ÚÁÄÇô ssh-keygen ½«Éú³ÉûÓмÓÃܵÄÃÜÔ¿!ÈçÄúËùÏ룬Õâ²»ÊǸöºÃÖ÷Òâ¡£µ±ÒªÇóÊäÈë¿ÚÁîʱ£¬È·±£ÊäÈëÒ»¸ö×ã¹»³¤µÄ×Ö·ûÏûÏ¢£¬×îºÃ°üº¬»ìºÏ×Ö·û¶ø²»½ö½öÊÇÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄÃÜÂë×Ö·û´®¡£
Çåµ¥ 3. ÓÀԶѡÔñºÃµÄ¿ÚÁî


CODE: [Copy to clipboard]
[offsite]:$ ssh-keygen -t dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/accountname/.ssh/id_dsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): (enter passphrase)
Enter same passphrase again: (enter passphrase)
Your identification has been saved in /home/accountname/.ssh/id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/accountname/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
7e:5e:b2:f2:d4:54:58:6a:fa:6b:52:9c:da:a8:53:1b accountname@offsite



ÓÉÓÚ ssh-keygen Éú³ÉµÄ .ssh Ŀ¼ÊÇÒ»¸öÒþ²ØµÄ¡°dot¡±Ä¿Â¼£¬ËùÒÔÒª¸ø ls ÃüÁî´«ÈëÒ»¸ö -a Ñ¡ÏîÀ´²é¿´Ð´´½¨µÄĿ¼£º

[offsite]$ ls -a
. .. .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc .emacs .gtkrc .ssh

½øÈëÒþ²ØµÄ .ssh Ŀ¼²¢ÁгöÆäÄÚÈÝ£º

[offsite]$ cd .ssh
[offsite]$ ls -lrt
id_dsa id_dsa.pub

ÏÖÔÚ£¬ÔÚÒþ²ØµÄ .ssh Ŀ¼ÖУ¬ÎÒÃÇÒѾ­ÓµÓÐÁËÒ»¸ö˽Կ£¨id_dsa£©ºÍÒ»¸ö¹«Ô¿£¨id_dsa.pub£©¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔʹÓà vi »ò emacs µÈÎı¾±à¼­¹¤¾ß»òÕß¼òµ¥µØʹÓà less »ò cat ÃüÁîÀ´·ÖÎöÿ¸öÃÜÔ¿ÎļþµÄÄÚÈÝ¡£Äú½«¿´µ½ÓÉ»ìºÏ×Ö·û¹¹³ÉµÄÄÚÈÝÒѾ­¾­¹ýÁË base64 ±àÂë¡£

È»ºó£¬ÎÒÃÇÐèÒª½«¹«Ô¿¿½±´²¢°²×°µ½·þÎñÆ÷ 1 ºÍ 2 ÉÏ¡£²»ÒªÊ¹Óà ftp¡£¸üºÏÀíµÄÊÇ£¬Ê¹Óð²È«¿½±´³ÌÐòÀ´½«¹«Ô¿´«Ë͵½Ã¿Ò»Ì¨Ô¶³Ì»úÆ÷ÉÏ¡£
Çåµ¥ 4. ½«¹«Ô¿°²×°µ½Ô¶³Ì·þÎñÆ÷ÉÏ


CODE: [Copy to clipboard]
[offsite]$ scp .ssh/id_dsa.pub accountname@server1.com:offsite.pub
accountname@server1.com's password: (enter password, not new
passphrase!)
id_dsa.pub 100% |*****************************| 614 00:00

[offsite]$ scp .ssh/id_dsa.pub accountname@server2.com:offsite.pub
accountname@server2.com's password: (enter password, not new
passphrase!)
id_dsa.pub 100% |*****************************| 614 00:00



ÔÚ°²×°ÍêÐµĹ«Ô¿ºó£¬ÎÒÃǾͿÉÒÔʹÓô´½¨Ë½Ô¿ºÍ¹«Ô¿Ê±Ö¸¶¨µÄ¿ÚÁîÀ´µÇ¼µ½Ã¿Ò»Ì¨»úÆ÷¡£ÏÖÔÚ£¬µÇ¼µ½Ã¿Ì¨»úÆ÷£¬²¢½« offsite.pub ÎļþµÄÄÚÈݸ½¼Óµ½Ò»¸öÃûΪ authorized_keys µÄÎļþÖУ¬Õâ¸öÎļþ´æ´¢ÔÚÿ̨Զ³Ì»úÆ÷µÄ .ssh Ŀ¼Ï¡£ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒ»¸öÎı¾±à¼­Æ÷»òÕß¼òµ¥µØʹÓà cat ÃüÁîÀ´½« offsite.pub ÎļþµÄÄÚÈݸ½¼Óµ½ authorized_keys Îļþ£º
Çåµ¥ 5. ½« offsite.pub Ìí¼Óµ½ÒÑÊÚȨÃÜÔ¿Áбí


CODE: [Copy to clipboard]
[offsite]$ ssh accountname@server1.com
accountname@server1.com's password: (enter password, not new
passphrase!)
[server1]$ cat offsite.pub >> ./ssh/authorized_keys



½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄ²½ÖèÊÇ¿¼ÂÇһЩ¶îÍâµÄ°²È«ÐÔ¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬ÎÒÃÇÐÞ¸Ä .ssh µÄ·ÃÎÊȨÏÞ£¬ÒÔʹµÃÖ»ÓÐËùÓÐÕßÓжÁ¡¢Ð´ºÍÖ´ÐеÄȨÏÞ¡£È»ºó£¬ÎÒÃÇÈ·±£ authorized_keys ÎļþÖ»ÄÜÓÉËùÓÐÕßÀ´·ÃÎÊ¡£×îºó£¬½«ÏÈÇ°ÉÏ´«µÄ offsite.pub ÃÜÔ¿Îļþɾ³ý£¬ÒòΪÔÙÒ²²»ÐèÒªËüÁË¡£È·±£ÉèÖÃÊʵ±µÄ·ÃÎÊȨÏÞºÜÖØÒª£¬ÒòΪ OpenSSH ·þÎñÆ÷¿ÉÄÜ»á¾Ü¾øʹÓþßÓв»°²È«·ÃÎÊȨÏÞµÄÃÜÔ¿¡£
Çåµ¥ 6. ʹÓà chmod ÐÞ¸ÄȨÏÞ


CODE: [Copy to clipboard]
[server1]$ chmod 700 .ssh
[server1]$ chmod 600 ./ssh/authorized_keys
[server1]$ rm offsite.pub
[server1]$ exit



ÔÚ·þÎñÆ÷ 2 ÉÏÍê³ÉͬÑùµÄ²½Öèºó£¬ÎÒÃǾͿÉÒÔ·µ»Øµ½ÀëÏß´æ´¢»úÆ÷ÉÏÀ´²âÊÔеĿÚÁîÀàÐ͵ķÃÎÊ¡£ÔÚÀëÏß·þÎñÆ÷ÉÏÄú¿ÉÒÔÊäÈëÏÂÃæµÄÄÚÈÝ£º

[offsite]$ ssh -v accountname@server1.com

ÔÚ¼ìÑéÄúµÄÕʺÅÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃеĿÚÁî¶ø²»ÊÇÔ­À´µÄÃÜÂëÀ´·ÃÎÊÔ¶³ÌµÄ·þÎñÆ÷ʱ£¬Ê¹Óà -v »ò verbose ±ê¼ÇÑ¡ÏîÀ´ÏÔʾµ÷ÊÔÐÅÏ¢¡£µ÷ÊÔÊä³ö³ýÁËÄÜÈÃÄúÔÚÒ»¸ö¸ßµÄ²ãÃæÉϹ۲쵽ÈÏÖ¤¹ý³ÌÊÇÈçºÎ¹¤×÷µÄÖ®Í⣬»¹¿ÉÒÔÏÔʾ³öÄú¿ÉÒÔÒÔÆäËû·½Ê½ÎÞ·¨µÃµ½µÄÖØÒªÐÅÏ¢¡£ÔÚÒÔºóµÄÁ¬½ÓÖÐÄú¿ÉÄܲ¢²»ÐèÒªÖ¸¶¨ -v ±ê¼Ç£»µ«ÊÇÔÚ²âÊÔÁ¬½ÓʱËüÏ൱ÓÐÓá£

ʹÓà ssh-agent ×Ô¶¯»¯»úÆ÷·ÃÎÊ
ssh-agent ³ÌÐòÈçͬһ¸ö¿´ÃÅÈË£¬Ëü¸ù¾ÝÐèÒª°²È«µØÌṩ¶Ô°²È«ÃÜÔ¿µÄ·ÃÎÊ¡£ssh-agent Æô¶¯ºó£¬Ëü¾Í»áÔÚºǫ́ÔËÐУ¬²¢ÇÒ¿ÉÒÔÓÉ ssh ºÍ scp ³ÌÐòµÈÆäËû OpenSSH Ó¦ÓóÌÐòËùʹÓá£Õâ¾ÍʹµÃ ssh ³ÌÐò¿ÉÒÔÇëÇóÒ»¸öÒѾ­½âÃÜÁ˵ÄÃÜÔ¿£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÔÚÿ´ÎÐèҪʱÏòÄúѯÎÊ˽ԿµÄ°²È«¿ÚÁî¡£

ÈÃÎÒÃÇÀ´×ÐϸÑо¿Ò»Ï ssh -agent¡£ssh-agent ÔËÐÐʱËü»áÊä³ö shell ÃüÁ
Çåµ¥ 7. ssh-agent Ó¦ÓÃ


CODE: [Copy to clipboard]
[ [offsite]$ ssh-agent
SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/tmp/ssh-XX1O24LS/agent.14179; export SSH_AUTH_SOCK;
SSH_AGENT_PID=14180; export SSH_AGENT_PID;
echo Agent pid 14180;/code]
ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓà shell µÄ eval ÃüÁîÀ´Èà shell Ö´ÐÐ ssh-agent ÏÔʾµÄÊä³öÃüÁ

[offsite]$ eval `ssh-agent`
Agent pid 14198

eval ÃüÁî¸æËß shell È¥ÆÀ¼Û£¨Ö´ÐУ©ssh-agent ³ÌÐòÉú³ÉµÄÃüÁȷ±£ÄúÖ¸¶¨µÄÊÇ·´ÒýºÅ£¨`£©¶ø²»Êǵ¥ÒýºÅ£¡Ö´Ðкó£¬eval `ssh-agent` Óï¾ä½«·µ»Ø´úÀíµÄ½ø³Ì±êʶ·û¡£ÔÚÄ»ºó£¬SSH_AUTH_SOCK ºÍ SSH_AGENT_PID shell ±äÁ¿ÒѾ­±»µ¼³ö¶ø¿ÉÒÔʹÓá£Äú¿ÉÒÔ½«ËüÃÇÏÔʾÔÚ shell ¿ØÖÆ̨ÖÐÀ´²é¿´ËüÃǵÄÖµ£º

[offsite]$ echo $SSH_AUTH_SOCK
/tmp/ssh-XX7bhIwq/agent.14197

$SSH_AUTH_SOCK £¨SSH Authentication Socket µÄËõд£©ÊÇÒ»¸ö±¾µØÌ×½Ó×ÖµÄλÖã¬Ó¦ÓóÌÐò¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýËüÀ´Óë ssh-agent ͨÐÅ¡£½« eval `ssh-agent` Óï¾ä¼ÓÈëµ½ÄúµÄ ~/.bash_profile ÎļþÒÔÈ·±£ SSH_AUTH_SOCK ºÍ SSH_AGENT_PID ʼÖÕ±»×¢²á¡£

ssh-agent ÏÖÔÚ¾ÍÒѾ­³ÉΪһ¸öºǫ́½ø³Ì£¬¿ÉÒÔÓà top ºÍ ps ÃüÁî²é¿´µÃµ½¡£

ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃǾÍÒѾ­¿ÉÒÔʹÓà ssh-agent ¹²ÏíÎÒÃǵĿÚÁΪ´Ë£¬ÎÒÃDZØÐëʹÓÃÒ»¸öÃûΪ ssh-add µÄ³ÌÐò£¬Õâ¸ö³ÌÐò½«ÎÒÃǵĿÚÁîÌí¼Ó£¨·¢ËÍ£©µ½ÔËÐÐ×ÅµÄ ssh-agent ³ÌÐò¡£
Çåµ¥ 8. ÓÃÓÚÃâ¿ÚÁîµÇ¼µÄ ssh-add [code] [offsite]$ ssh-add
Enter passphrase for /home/accountname/.ssh/id_dsa: (enter passphrase)
Identity added: /home/accountname/.ssh/id_dsa
(/home/accountname/.ssh/id_dsa)



ÏÖÔÚ£¬µ±ÎÒÃÇ·ÃÎÊ server1 ʱ£¬²»»áÔÙ±»ÌáʾÊäÈë¿ÚÁ

[offsite]$ ssh accountname@server1.com
[server1]$ exit

Èç¹ûÄú»¹²»ÏàÐÅ£¬ÄÇô³¢ÊÔÈ¥µô£¨kill -9£©ssh-agent ½ø³Ì£¬È»ºóÖØÐÂÁ¬½Ó server1¡£ÕâÒ»´Î£¬Äú½«×¢Òâµ½£¬server1 ½«»áѯÎÊ´æ´¢ÔÚ .ssh Ŀ¼Ï id_dsa ÖеÄ˽ԿµÄ¿ÚÁ

[offsite]$ kill -9 $SSH_AGENT_PID
[offsite]$ ssh accountname@server1.com
Enter passphrase for key '/home/accountname/.ssh/id_dsa':

ʹÓà keychain ¼ò»¯ÃÜÔ¿·ÃÎÊ
µ½ÏÖÔÚΪֹ£¬ÎÒÃÇÒѾ­Á˽âÁ˼¸¸ö OpenSSH ³ÌÐò£¨ssh¡¢scp¡¢ssh-agent ºÍ ssh-add£©£¬¶øÇÒÎÒÃÇÒѾ­´´½¨²¢°²×°ÁË˽ԿºÍ¹«Ô¿À´ÆôÓÃÒ»¸ö°²È«¶øÇÒ×Ô¶¯µÄµÇ¼¹ý³Ì¡£Äú¿ÉÄÜÒѾ­Òâʶµ½£¬´ó²¿·ÖÉèÖù¤×÷Ö»ÐèÒª½øÐÐÒ»´Î¡£ÀýÈ磬´´½¨ÃÜÔ¿¡¢°²×°ÃÜÔ¿¡¢Í¨¹ý .bash_profile Ö´ÐÐ ssh-agent µÄ¹ý³ÌÔÚÿ̨»úÆ÷Ö»ÐèÒª½øÐÐÒ»´Î¡£ÄÇÕæÊǺÃÏûÏ¢¡£

²»Ì«ÀíÏëµÄÏûÏ¢ÊÇ£¬ÎÒÃÇÿ´ÎµÇ¼µ½ÀëÏߵĻúÆ÷ÉÏʱ£¬¶¼±ØÐëµ÷Óà ssh-add£¬¶øÇÒ£¬ssh-agent ÓëÎÒÃǽ«ÒªÓÃÀ´×Ô¶¯»¯±¸·Ý¹¤×÷µÄ cron µ÷¶È½ø³Ì²¢²»Ö±½Ó¼æÈÝ¡£cron ½ø³Ì²»ÄÜÓë ssh-agent ͨÐŵÄÔ­ÒòÊÇ£¬cron ×÷ÒµÊÇ×÷Ϊ cron µÄ×Ó½ø³ÌÀ´Ö´ÐУ¬ÕâÑùËüÃǾͲ»»á¼Ì³Ð $SSH_AUTH_SOCK shell ±äÁ¿¡£

ÐÒÔ˵ÄÊÇ£¬ÓÐÒ»¸ö½â¾ö·½°¸²»µ«¿ÉÒÔÏû³ý ssh-agent ºÍ ssh-add µÄ¾ÖÏÞ£¬¶øÇÒ¿ÉÒÔÈÃÎÒÃÇʹÓà cron À´×Ô¶¯½øÐи÷ÖÖÐèÒª¶ÔÆäËû»úÆ÷½øÐа²È«µØÎÞÃÜÂë·ÃÎʵĹý³Ì¡£ÔÚËû 2001 Äê·¢±íµÄÈýƪ developerWorks ϵÁÐÎÄÕÂÖУ¬¼´ OpenSSH key management£¨²ÎÔÄ ²Î¿¼×ÊÁÏ ÒÔ»ñµÃÁ´½Ó£©£¬Daniel Robbins ½éÉÜÁËÒ»¸öÃûΪ keychain µÄ shell ½Å±¾£¬ËüÊÇ ssh-add ºÍ ssh-agent µÄÒ»¸öÇ°¶Ë£¬¼ò»¯ÁËÕû¸öÎÞÃÜÂëµÄ¹ý³Ì¡£Ëæ×Åʱ¼äµÄ¹ýÈ¥£¬keychain ½Å±¾ÒѾ­¾­ÀúÁ˺ܶà¸Ä½ø£¬ÏÖÔÚÓÉ Aron Griffis ά»¤£¬Æä×îÐ嵀 2.3.2-1 ·¢²¼°æ±¾¹«²¼ÓÚ 2004 Äê 6 Ô 17 ÈÕ¡£

keychain shell ½Å±¾Ì«³¤ÒÔÖÂÓÚÎÞ·¨ÔÚ±¾ÎÄÖÐÁгö£¬ÒòΪ¾«ÐıàдµÄ½Å±¾ÖаüÀ¨Á˺ܶà´íÎó¼ì²â¡¢·á¸»µÄÎĵµÒÔ¼°·Ç³£¶àµÄ¿çƽ̨´úÂë¡£²»¹ý£¬keychain ¿ÉÒÔ×ÔÏîÄ¿µÄ Web Õ¾µãÉÏ·½±ãµØÏÂÔصõ½£¨²ÎÔÄ ²Î¿¼×ÊÁÏ ÒÔ»ñµÃÁ´½Ó£©¡£

ÏÂÔز¢°²×°ÁË keychain ºó£¬Ê¹ÓÃËü¾ÍºÜ¼òµ¥ÁË¡£Ö»ÐèÒªµÇ¼µ½Ã¿Ì¨»úÆ÷²¢½«ÏÂÃæÁ½ÐÐÌí¼Óµ½Ã¿¸ö .bash_profile Îļþ£º


CODE: [Copy to clipboard]
keychain id_dsa
. ~/.keychain/$HOSTNAME-sh



ÔÚÄúµÚÒ»´ÎÖØеǼµ½Ã¿Ì¨»úÆ÷ʱ£¬keychain ½«ÏòÄúѯÎÊ¿ÚÁî¡£²»¹ý£¬³ý·Ç»úÆ÷±»ÖØÐÂÆô¶¯£¬·ñÔò£¬ÒÔºóÔٵǼʱ£¬keychain ½«²»»áÔÙÒªÇóÄúÖØÐÂÊäÈë¿ÚÁî¡£×îºÃµÄÊÇ£¬cron ÈÎÎñÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÒÔʹÓà OpenSSH ÃüÁîÀ´°²È«µØ·ÃÎÊÔ¶³ÌµÄ»úÆ÷£¬¶ø²»ÐèÒª½»»¥µØʹÓÿÚÁî¡£¸üºÃµÄ°²È«ºÍ¸üÈÝÒ×µÄʹÓã¬ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇÒѾ­¼æµÃ¡£
Çåµ¥ 9. ÔÚÿ̨»úÆ÷Éϳõʼ»¯


CODE: [Copy to clipboard]
KeyChain 2.3.2; http://www.gentoo.org/projects/keychain
Copyright 2002-2004 Gentoo Technologies, Inc.; Distributed under the
GPL

* Initializing /home/accountname/.keychain/localhost.localdomain-sh
file...
* Initializing /home/accountname/.keychain/localhost.localdomain-csh
file...
* Starting ssh-agent
* Adding 1 key(s)...
Enter passphrase for /home/accountname/.ssh/id_dsa: (enter passphrase)



½Å±¾»¯±¸·Ý¹ý³Ì
ÎÒÃǵÄÏÂÒ»¸öÈÎÎñÊÇ´´½¨Ö´ÐбØÒªµÄ±¸·Ý¹ý³ÌµÄ shell ½Å±¾¡£Ä¿±êÊÇÖ´ÐзþÎñÆ÷ 1 ºÍ 2 µÄÍêÈ«Êý¾Ý¿â±¸·Ý¡£ÔÚÎÒÃǵÄÀý×ÓÖУ¬Ã¿¸ö·þÎñÆ÷¶¼ÔËÐÐ×Å MySQL Êý¾Ý¿â·þÎñÆ÷£¬ÎÒÃÇʹÓà mysqldump ÃüÁîÐй¤¾ßÀ´½«Ò»Ð©Êý¾Ý¿â±íµ¼³öµ½Ò»¸ö SQL ÊäÈëÎļþÖС£
Çåµ¥ 10. ·þÎñÆ÷ 1 µÄ dbbackup.sh shell ½Å±¾


CODE: [Copy to clipboard]
#!/bin/sh

# change into the backup_agent directory where data files are stored.
cd /home/backup_agent

# use mysqldump utility to export the sites database tables
mysqldump -u sitedb -pG0oDP@sswrd --add-drop-table sitedb --tables
tbl_ccode tbl_machine tbl_session tbl_stats > userdb.sql

# compress and archive
tar czf userdb.tgz userdb.sql



ÔÚ·þÎñÆ÷ 2 ÉÏ£¬ÎÒÃǽ«ÉèÖÃÒ»¸öÀàËƵĽű¾À´±¸·ÝÕ¾µãÊý¾Ý¿âÖиø³öµÄ¶ÀÓÐ±íµ¥¡£Ã¿¸ö½Å±¾¶¼Í¨¹ýÏÂÃæµÄ²½Öè±ê¼ÇΪ¿ÉÖ´Ðеģº


CODE: [Copy to clipboard]
[server1]:$ chmod +x dbbackup.sh



ÔÚ·þÎñÆ÷ 1 ºÍ 2 ÉÏÉèÖÃÁË dbbackup.sh ºó£¬ÎÒÃÇ·µ»Øµ½ÀëÏßµÄÊý¾Ý·þÎñÆ÷£¬ÔÚÄÇÀïÎÒÃǽ«´´½¨Ò»¸ö shell ½Å±¾À´µ÷Óø÷¸öÔ¶³Ì dbbackup.sh ½Å±¾²¢Ëæºó´«ÊäѹËõµÄ£¨.tgz£©Êý¾ÝÎļþ¡£
Çåµ¥ 11. ÓÃÔÚÀëÏßµÄÊý¾Ý·þÎñÆ÷É쵀 backup_remote_servers.sh shell ½Å±¾


CODE: [Copy to clipboard]
#!/bin/sh

# use ssh to remotely execute the dbbackup.sh script on server 1
/usr/bin/ssh backup_agent@server1.com "/home/backup_agent/dbbackup.sh"

# use scp to securely copy the newly archived userdb.tgz file
# from server 1. Note the use of the date command to timestamp
# the file on the offsite data server.
/usr/bin/scp backup_agent@server1.com:/home/backup_agent/userdb.tgz
/home/backups/userdb-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).tgz

# execute dbbackup.sh on server 2
/usr/bin/ssh backup_agent@server2.com "/home/backup_agent/dbbackup.sh"

# use scp to transfer transdb.tgz to offsite server.
/usr/bin/scp backup_agent@server2.com:/home/backup_agent/transdb.tgz
/home/backups/transdb-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).tgz



backup_remote_servers.sh shell ½Å±¾Ê¹Óà ssh ÃüÁîÀ´Ö´ÐÐÔ¶³Ì·þÎñÆ÷ÉϵĽű¾¡£ÓÉÓÚÎÒÃÇÒѾ­ÉèÖõÄÎÞÃÜÂëµÄ·ÃÎÊ£¬ssh ÃüÁî¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÀëÏߵķþÎñÆ÷ÔÚ·þÎñÆ÷ 1 ºÍ 2 ÉÏÔ¶³ÌµØÖ´ÐÐÃüÁî¡£¸Ðл keychain£¬Õû¸öÈÏÖ¤¹ý³ÌÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¯Íê³É¡£

µ÷¶È
ÎÒÃǵÄÏÂÒ»¸ö²½Ö裬ҲÊÇ×îºóÒ»¸ö²½Ö裬Êǵ÷¶È backup_remote_servers.sh shell ½Å±¾ÔÚÀëÏßµÄÊý¾Ý´æ´¢·þÎñÆ÷ÉϵÄÖ´ÐС£ÎÒÃǽ«Ïò cron µ÷¶È·þÎñÆ÷ÖÐÌí¼ÓÁ½¸öÌõÄ¿£¬ÒÔÒªÇóÿÌìÖ´Ðб¸·Ý½Å±¾Á½´Î£¬3:34 Ö´ÐÐÒ»´Î£¬8:34 ÔÙÖ´ÐÐÒ»´Î¡£ÔÚÀëÏߵķþÎñÆ÷ÉÏʹÓà edit£¨-e£©Ñ¡Ïîµ÷Óà crontab ³ÌÐò¡£


CODE: [Copy to clipboard]
[offsite]:$ crontab -e



crontab µ÷Óà VISUAL »ò EDITOR shell »·¾³±äÁ¿ËùÖ¸¶¨µÄĬÈϵı༭Æ÷¡£È»ºó£¬ÊäÈëÁ½¸öÌõÄ¿²¢±£´æºÍ¹Ø±ÕÎļþ¡£
Çåµ¥ 12. ÀëÏߵķþÎñÆ÷É쵀 Crontab ÌõÄ¿


CODE: [Copy to clipboard]
34 3 * * * /home/backups/remote_db_backup.sh
34 20 * * * /home/backups/remote_db_backup.sh



Ò»¸ö crontab ÐаüÀ¨Á½¸öÖ÷Òª²¿·Ö£¬Ê±¼ä±í²¿·ÖºÍºóÃæµÄÃüÁ·Ö¡£Ê±¼ä±í·ÖΪ¶à¸öÓò£¬ÓÃÀ´Ö¸¶¨Ò»¸öÃüÁîÓ¦¸ÃºÎʱִÐУº
Çåµ¥ 13. Crontab ¸ñʽ


CODE: [Copy to clipboard]
+---- minute
| +----- hour
| | +------ day of the month
| | | +------ month
| | | | +---- day of the week
| | | | | +-- command to execute
| | | | | |
34 3 * * * /home/backups/remote_db_backup.sh



¼ìÑéÄúµÄ±¸·Ý
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  2. ÐÂРÓÚ 2005-05-15 00:15:15·¢±í:

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    Carlos Justiniano Carlos Justiniano ÊÇ Ecuity, Inc µÄÒ»ÃûÈí¼þÉè¼Æʦ¡£ËûËù¸ÐÐËȤµÄ·½Ãæ°üÀ¨Í¨Ðźͷֲ¼Ê½¼ÆËã¡£Carlos ΪºÜ¶à¼¼ÊõÔÓ־׫дÎÄÕ¡£Ëû»¹ÊÇ»ùÓÚ Linux µÄ ChessBrain ÏîÄ¿µÄµì»ùÈ˺ÍÉè¼Æʦ£¬ÄǸöÏîÄ¿Ó®µÃÁËÓë·Ö²¼Ê½¼ÆËãÏà¹ØµÄ 2005 Guinness World Record¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý carlos.justiniano@ecuityinc.com ÓëËûÁªÏµ¡£