在安装前需要考虑的事项一节提到，在本节主要以 web 为中心介绍 PHP 的设置。不过本节也会覆盖一些 PHP 命令行用法的设置方法。
在 Unix 平台下安装 PHP 有几种方法：使用配置和编译过程，或是使用各种预编译的包。本文主要针对配置和编译 PHP 的过程。很多 Unix 类系统都有包安装系统，可以用它来设置一个有着标准配置的 PHP。但是若需要与标准配置不同的功能（例如一个安全服务器，或者不同的数据库驱动扩展模块），可能需要编译 PHP 和／或 web 服务器。如果不熟悉编译软件，可以考虑搜索一下是否有人已经编译了包含所需要功能的预编译包。
编译所需的知识和软件：
基础的 Unix 技能（有能力操作“make”和一种 C 语言编译器）
一个 ANSI C 语言编译器
flex：版本 2.5.4
bison：版本 1.28（推荐）、1.35 或 1.75
一个 web 服务器
模块特别需要的组件（例如 gd、pdf 库等)
PHP 初始的配置和安装过程被 configure 脚本中一系列命令行选项控制。可以通过 ./configure --help 命令了解 PHP 所有可用的编译选项及简短解释。本手册是分开对这些选项编写文档的。可在附录中找到核心配置选项，而扩展模块特定的配置选项分别在其函数参考页面中描述。
配置好 PHP 后，便可以开始编译模块和／或可执行文件。make 命令用来做这一工作。如果该命令执行失败而找不到原因，请参考安装问题一节。
Unix 系统下的 Apache 1.3.x
本节包括在 Unix 平台的 Apache 下安装 PHP 的说明和提示。我们在另外的页面也有 Apache 2 的安装和说明。
可以从核心配置选项列表以及位于手册对应部分的特定扩展配置选项中选择参数并在安装步骤第 10 步将它们添加到 configure 命令中。版本号在这里被省略了以保证此说明的正确性。需要将这里的“xxx”替换为自己使用的文件的正确值。
例 4.1. PHP 的 Apache 共享模块版本安装说明
1. gunzip apache_xxx.tar.gz
2. tar -xvf apache_xxx.tar
3. gunzip php-xxx.tar.gz
4. tar -xvf php-xxx.tar
5. cd apache_xxx
6. ./configure --prefix=/www --enable-module=so
7. make
8. make install
9. cd ../php-xxx
10. 现在，配置 PHP。这是定制 PHP 的不同选项的时候，例如要加载哪些扩展库。使用
./configure --help
来列出可用的选项。在下面的示例中只是简单地配置 Apache 1 和 MySQL 支持。
用户的 apxs 的路径可能和此示例中的不同。
./configure --with-mysql --with-apxs=/www/bin/apxs
11. make
12. make install
如果在安装之后决定修改配置选项，那么只需重复以上最后三步。只须重新启动
Apache 就可以使新模块生效。不需要重新编译 Apache。注意除非特别指出，
“make install”总是会安装 PEAR，各种 PHP 工具例如 phpize，PHP CLI 以及其它。
13. 建立 php.ini 文件。
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini
可以编辑 php.ini 来设置 PHP 选项。如果想把 php.ini 放在其它目录，在第
10 步加上以下选项：
--with-config-file-path=/path
如果选择了 php.ini-recommended，确保阅读一下其中的变更说明，因为这些会
影响到 PHP 的行为。
PHP 模块所在的路径。上面的 make install 步骤可能已经添加了，但还是检查确认一下。
对 PHP 4：
对 PHP 5：
对 PHP 4：
AddModule mod_php4.c
对 PHP 5：
AddModule mod_php5.c
16. 告诉 Apache 将哪些后缀作为 PHP 解析。例如，让 Apache 把 .php 后缀的文件解析为
PHP。可以将任何后缀的文件解析为 PHP，只要在以下语句中加入并用空格分开。这里以
添加一个 .phtml 来示例。
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml
为了将 .phps 作为 PHP 的源文件进行语法高亮显示，还可以加上：
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
17. 用通常的过程启动 Apache（必须完全停止 Apache 再重新启动，而不是用 HUP 或者
USR1 信号使 Apache 重新加载）。
也可以将 PHP 作为静态对象来安装：
例 4.2. PHP 的 Apache 静态模块版本安装说明
1. gunzip -c apache_1.3.x.tar.gz | tar xf -
2. cd apache_1.3.x
3. ./configure
4. cd ..
5. gunzip -c php-5.x.y.tar.gz | tar xf -
6. cd php-5.x.y
7. ./configure --with-mysql --with-apache=../apache_1.3.x
8. make
9. make install
10. cd ../apache_1.3.x
11. ./configure --prefix=/www --activate-module=src/modules/php5/libphp5.a
（上面一行是正确的！是的，我们知道 libphp5.a 尚不存在，还不到时候，
它会在之后被创建。）
12. make
（现在应该有一个 httpd 二进制文件，可以将它复制到 Apache bin 目录。如果这是
第一次安装，还要“make install”。)
13. cd ../php-5.x.y
14. cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
注意: 对于 PHP 4，把 php-5 换成 php-4，把 php5 换成 php4。
根据 Unix 系统和 Apache 安装方法的不同，有很多方法停止和重启动 Apache。以下是一些不同的 Apache／UNIX 下重启动 Apache 的典型命令。需要把 /path/to/ 替换成自己系统上的确切路径。
例 4.3. 重启动 Apache 的示例命令
1. 在一些 Linux 和 SysV 的变种下：
/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart
2. 使用 apachectl 脚本：
/path/to/apachectl stop
/path/to/apachectl start
3. httpdctl 和 httpsdctl（使用了 OpenSSL），类似 apachectl：
/path/to/httpsdctl stop
/path/to/httpsdctl start
4. 使用了 mod_ssl，或其他 SSL 服务器，可能需要手工重启动：
/path/to/apachectl stop
/path/to/apachectl startssl
apachectl 和 http(s)dctl 程序所在的路径在不同系统中通常不一样。如果系统中有 locate 或者 whereis 或者 which 命令，那么可以帮助找到这些控制程序。
编译 PHP 和 Apache 的不同例子还有：
./configure --with-apxs --with-pgsql
./configure --with-apxs --with-pgsql=shared
./configure --with-apache=/path/to/apache_source --with-pgsql
此配置将生成 libmodphp5.a 库，mod_php5.c 和一些相关的文件并且拷贝到 Apache 源程序目录中的 src/modules/php5 目录下。然后用 --activate-module=src/modules/php5/libphp5.a 编译 Apache，Apache 编译系统会生成 libphp5.a 并且将其静态地连接到 httpd 程序中（在 PHP 4 中把 php5 替换成 php4）。PostgreSQL 支持也直接包括在这个 httpd 程序中了，因此最终结果是单一的一个包括了所有 Apache 和 PHP 支持的 httpd 可执行文件。
./configure --with-apache=/path/to/apache_source --with-pgsql=shared
当选择不同的方法编译 PHP 时，需要考虑每种方法的优势和缺点。用共享对象方式编译 PHP 意味着可以单独编译 Apache，并且不用在添加或修改了 PHP 的时候重新编译所有程序。用内置方法编译 PHP（静态方式）意味着 PHP 可以加载和运行得更快。更多信息见 Apache 的 » DSO 支持页面。
User nobody
Group "#-1"
除非把它修改成“Group nogroup”或者其它类似的（“Group daemon”也很通用），PHP 将不能打开文件。
注意: 确认在使用 --with-apxs=/path/to/apxs 时指向 Apache 安装后的目录中的 apxs。绝对不能用 Apache 源程序中的 apxs 而要用安装后的 apxs。
Unix 系统下的 Apache 2.0 安装前需要考虑的事项
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Last updated: Thu, 19 Apr 2007
add a note User Contributed Notes
Unix 系统下的安装
moonlightcheese
23-Aug-2007 05:49
There is little or no documentation regarding the fact that MySQL Client Library isn't bundled with PHP anymore. The installation instructions need to be changed with, at the very least, some instructions for how to get PHP to recognize that the client library is installed. I realize that this may be a problem with licensing and as such, it's not possible to document too much regarding MySQL...
alecjw at gmail dot com
17-Aug-2007 08:09
mrstarr at nyx dot net:
This is the normal procedure, which is:
./configure
make
make install
Edit the appropriate config files.
please at nospam dot com
12-Jul-2007 01:09
I thought I should point out that when you run make it says "Build complete. Don't forget to run make test."
But the instructions on this page don't mention make test.
mrstarr at nyx dot net
10-Jun-2007 03:57
Are you serious. This install process is insane. Nobody's going to go through this complex install process just to upgrade this stuff. Its complicated enough as it is just configuring Linux to work, but having to go through this stuff over and over whenever you need to install or upgrade some dependency or component... is getting absurd.
You need a far simpler install process, preferably one that is a standard, i.e. ./configure , make, make install
davidc at php dot net
20-Mar-2007 07:35
One might want to use .phar then he'll have to compile using phar
--enable-phar --with-zlib --with-bzip2
Alex at GrimMusic dot com
13-Nov-2006 12:49
In response to the guy who posted about the SELinux:
I am new to linux/apache/php (coming from server 2003/IIS/Asp.Net), so i was stumped as to why php/apache could only use static content. Also, it couldn't access some documents that you created somewhere else, and then dragged into the HTML directory.
After some research, i found the problem was the SELinux context of the files. It took me forever to find the Proper command to use to change that, as all the examples on the net were out dated using old commands:
# chcon "user_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t" /var/www/html -Rc
This will change the SELinux context of all the documents under the /var/www/html directory (which is the web directory under Fedora), to allow the httpd process to access them, and the '-Rc' flag will make the changes Recursive, and will output it's progress for each file that it sucessfully changes.
squeegee
30-Sep-2006 09:24
regarding the note by phptard at gmail dot com:
This was a good starting point to get php built against the Intel-compiled mysql, but in my case, there were still errors. It wasn't until I also added LIBS="-lirc" to the beginning of the configure line that it would configure without errors. It also compiled fine after that. So the start of my configure line looked like this:
LDFLAGS="-lirc" LIBS="-lirc" EXTRA_LIBS="-lirc" ./configure
Arjan van Bentem
12-Jul-2006 12:29
When using Red Hat Fedora, beware of Security Enhanced Linux, SELinux.
Quoted from Red Hat: "The security goal is to make sure that Apache HTTP is only reading the static Web content, and not doing anything else such as writing to the content, connecting to database sockets, reading user home directories, etc."
These limitations include, among many other things, using mkdir to create directories, using fopen to access files, using fopen or get_headers to read URLs, or using exec to run external applications that happen to use sockets (or maybe access some files, but which will run fine when executed from the command line as Unix user apache or httpd -- such as HylaFAX "faxstat" as invoked from nweb2fax recvq.php and sendq.php).
See /var/log/messages for any denials due to the SELinux policy. To disable it:
- System, Administration, Security Level and Firewall
- open the SELinux tab
- click the Transition tree
- check Disable SELinux protection for Apache HTTP
- execute /etc/init.d/httpd restart
flconseil at yahoo dot fr
07-Mar-2006 06:15
Building Apache 2 and PHP 5.1.2 :
dpresley4 at yahoo dot com
06-Nov-2005 03:42
Hi,
PROBLEM: ./configure PHP --with-oci8
fails with unresolved references such as __rpc_thread_destroy@GLIBC_2_2_3_...
ONE SOLUTOIN
FOR SOLVING PHP ./configure RESULTING IN __rcp_thread_destroy@GLIBC_2_2_3_... AND
UNRESOLVED REFERENCES WITH ORACLE OCI8
KEYWORDS: PHP OCI OCI8 NET8 ./configure __rpc_thred_destroy UNRESOLVED REFERENCES
For building php-4.4.1 or later with oci8, make sure your LD_LIBARRY_PATH has at a minimum the following directories in its path for Oracle8i 8.1.5 or later, Oracle9i 9.0.2 or later, and Oracle9i Release 2: 9.2.0.4 or later, do the following:
Note: We are not using the Oracle Instant Client here. This assumes you have an actual Oracle Installation.
1. Set ORACLE_HOME
Example using Oracle 9i Relase 2 -- 9.2.0.5:
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/app/oracle/product/9iR2
2. Set LD_LIBRARY_PATH with:
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib: \
$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib:\
$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
3. On Unix / Linux, don't forget to export these environment variables:
export ORACLE_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH
4. Now, build PHP with the following:
./configure --with-apxs2=
Also note that if your using Oracle 9iAS Release 2 v9.0.2, Oracle 10g iAS Release 1 v9.0.4.1, the above steps will work because ORACLE_HOME will containe all of the libraries necessary. Simply point ORACLE_HOME to the top level directory of these installations and set LD_LIBRARY_PATH as described above.
Hope this helps.
phptard at gmail dot com
23-Mar-2005 04:17
after a long night of wrestling with mysql4.0 under linux compiled with the intel compiler, i've gotten php5.0.3 to compile with mysql libraries for this flavor of mysql:
1: download the mysql for linux/intel compiler and install
2: download the rpm for the intel compiler libraries and install
3: configure php with LDFLAGS="-lirc -lgcc_s" and EXTRA_LIBS="-lirc -lgcc_s"
Example:
LDFLAGS="-lirc -lgcc_s" LD_LIBRARY_PATH="-L/usr/lib64" LD_PATH="-L/usr/lib64" LDPATH="-L/usr/lib64" EXTRA_LIBS="-lirc -lgcc_s" ./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --without-sqlite --with-zlib-dir=/usr --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
of course this is on a xeon system that has half of its modules in the /usr/lib64 directory, so on a normal system, without the other kruft, it would look something more like this:
LDFLAGS="-lirc -lgcc_s" EXTRA_LIBS="-lirc -lgcc_s" ./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
Hopefully this will save someone the 6 hour headache it caused me..
diemuzi at gmail dot com
13-Jan-2005 10:11
In reference to van [at] webfreshener [dot] com to fix the krb5 problems. An easier fix is to do the following:
ln -s /usr/kerberos/include/krb5.h /usr/include/krb5.h
ln -s /usr/kerberos/include/profile.h /usr/include/profile.h
ln -s /usr/kerberos/include/com_err.h /usr/include/com_err.h
This will help solve some deps. in the future incase a situation with another compilation occurs.
alexander justadot henry at acm dot org
22-Dec-2004 12:48
The system at my workplace has a need for apache/php with all static compilation. In order to save time adminning our systems, I decided to make my own RPM of php/apache with mod_ssl support. I had always installed by hand with the instructions on this page, but when buiding the RPM way, came upon the following error when apache was compiling:
===> src/modules/php4
make[4]: *** No rule to make target `all'. Stop.
Ordinarily this is because one did not do a 'make install' in php before the second apache configure, or somehow the make install failed. But the way rpm's work, the make install must be in the %install portion of the spec file, after all makes are completed.
make install-sapi
This line will copy relevant files to the directory specified in --with-apache
samael99 at web dot de
24-Jun-2004 06:51
Quick hint for people using RH8:
if make gives you this error
FT_ENCODING_MS_SYMBOL undeclared
change on line in this file
/usr/include/freetype2/freetype/freetype.h
Search for ft_encoding_symbol - change it to
ft_encoding_ms_symbol
Now this problem is dealt with, go ahead with make.
Good Luck !
robert_sgi at yahoo dot com
08-May-2004 11:57
If you install php 4 on SGI IRIX 6.5 (in my case it was php 4.3.6 on Silicon Graphics O2 IRIX 6.5.22 machine) and you're building it with:
--with-gettext=/usr/freeware
then you need to manually edit the file named "configure" (from the php source directory) and change the line# 36739
from:
GETTEXT_LIBDIR=$GETTEXT_DIR/lib
to:
GETTEXT_LIBDIR=$GETTEXT_DIR/lib32
If you have problems in locating the line, search the text for "bindtextdomain", and look several (4) lines above.
karthik (dot) k (at) extremix (dot) net
18-Jan-2004 08:28
This is regarding the post down below about the problem with openssl on RH9. Openssl on RH9 is built with kerberos. To get PHP to build correctly you need the output of these commands when you make.
[root@graf-spee local]# pkg-config --cflags openssl
-I/usr/kerberos/include
[root@graf-spee local]# pkg-config --libs openssl
-L/usr/kerberos/lib -lssl -lcrypto -lresolv -lgssapi_krb5 -lkrb5 -lk5crypto -lcom_err -ldl -lz
These could be added to your make command thus. I have not tested it out, but should work with some tweaking
make EXTRA_LDFLAGS=`pkg-config --libs openssl` EXTRA_CFLAGS=`pkg-config --cflags openssl`
thansen at terra dot com dot br
30-Dec-2003 08:36
The configure directives --with-apxs2 and --with-apxs2filter are not compatible one with other, even though the configure script will not complain about that. Each one affect the way Apache will call the php parser: If you choose the first one, you must use the traditional include:
AddType application/x-httpd-php php
SetOutputFilter PHP
SetInputFilter PHP
, and php will be called as a filter to .php files.
If you use both together, you will get compilation errors (duplicate symbols while linking libphp4).
aaronmorris at mindspring dot com
05-Dec-2003 12:47
26-Mar-2003 12:52
doug at NOSPAM dot techie dot net
04-Feb-2003 05:16
Users compiling under some versions of Solaris/SunOS may encounter the following error.
symbol ap_block_alarms: referenced symbol not found
To address this problem, add the following additional flag to the Apache build configure line:
--enable-rule=SHARED_CORE
So, adding this to the original instructions, you'd configure your Apache build like so:
./configure --prefix=/www --enable-module=so --enable-rule=SHARED_CORE
Doug
mbabcock-php at fibrespeed dot net
20-Jul-2001 09:32
The best configuration guide I've found for Apache with PHP (and PERL, mod_ssl, etc.) is Apacompile. Its home site is
dimaberastau at hotmail dot com
09-Jun-2001 09:33
marshalm at ebrd dot com
17-May-2001 10:43
HP-UX 11.X PA-RISC installation with oracle (oci8). You need to install the HP-UX patch PHSS_22514 patch (updated libdld.sl), otherwise you will get errors with dlopen() and dlclose() not found during the apache integration stage.
philip at c()rnad() dot c()m
25-Mar-2001 04:22
HOWTO: Installation on Cobalt RaQ (RaQ3 or RaQ4) :