ÔÚ Linux ÖУ¬ÈÎÎñ¿ÉÒÔ±»ÅäÖÃÔÚÖ¸¶¨µÄʱ¼ä¶Î¡¢Ö¸¶¨µÄÈÕÆÚ¡¢»òϵͳƽ¾ùÔØÁ¿µÍÓÚÖ¸¶¨µÄÊýÁ¿Ê±×Ô¶¯ÔËÐС£Red Hat Linux Ô¤ÅäÖÃÁ˶ÔÖØҪϵͳÈÎÎñµÄÔËÐУ¬ÒÔ±ãʹϵͳÄܹ»Ê±Ê±±»¸üС£Æ©È磬±» locate ÃüÁîʹÓÃµÄ slocate Êý¾Ý¿âÿÈÕ¶¼±»¸üС£ÏµÍ³¹ÜÀíÔ±¿ÉʹÓÃ×Ô¶¯»¯µÄÈÎÎñÀ´Ö´Ðж¨ÆÚ±¸·Ý¡¢¼à¿Øϵͳ¡¢ÔËÐж¨Öƽű¾µÈµÈ¡£
Red Hat Linux Ëæ´øËĸö×Ô¶¯»¯ÈÎÎñµÄ¹¤¾ß£º cron ¡¢ anacron ¡¢ at ¡¢ºÍ batch ¡£
28.1. cron
cron ÊÇÒ»¸ö¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´¸ù¾Ýʱ¼ä¡¢ÈÕÆÚ¡¢Ô·ݡ¢ÐÇÆÚµÄ×éºÏÀ´µ÷¶È¶ÔÖظ´ÈÎÎñµÄÖ´ÐеÄÊØ»¤½ø³Ì¡£
cron ¼Ù¶¨ÏµÍ³³ÖÐøÔËÐС£Èç¹ûµ±Ä³ÈÎÎñ±»µ÷¶Èʱϵͳ²»ÔÚÔËÐУ¬¸ÃÈÎÎñ¾Í²»»á±»Ö´ÐС£Òª¸ù¾Ýʱ¼ä¶Î¶ø·ÇÈ·ÇÐʱ¼äÀ´ÅäÖÃÈÎÎñ£¬Çë²ÎÔÄ µÚ 28.2 ½Ú ¡£Òªµ÷¶ÈÒ»´ÎÐÔµÄÈÎÎñ£¬Çë²ÎÔÄ µÚ 28.3 ½Ú ¡£
ҪʹÓà cron ·þÎñ£¬Äã±ØÐë°²×°ÁË vixie-cron RPM Èí¼þ°ü£¬¶øÇÒ±ØÐëÔÚÔËÐÐ crond ·þÎñ¡£ÒªÅж¨¸ÃÈí¼þ°üÊÇ·ñÒÑ°²×°£¬Ê¹Óà rpm -q vixie-cron ÃüÁî¡£ÒªÅж¨¸Ã·þÎñÊÇ·ñÔÚÔËÐУ¬Ê¹Óà /sbin/service crond status ÃüÁî¡£
28.1.1. ÅäÖÃ cron ÈÎÎñ
cron µÄÖ÷ÅäÖÃÎļþÊÇ /etc/crontab £¬Ëü°üÀ¨ÏÂÃ漸ÐУº
SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
MAILTO=root
HOME=/ #
run-parts
01 * * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.hourly
02 4 * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.daily
22 4 * * 0 root run-parts /etc/cron.weekly
42 4 1 * * root run-parts /etc/cron.monthly
Ç°ËÄÐÐÊÇÓÃÀ´ÅäÖà cron ÈÎÎñÔËÐл·¾³µÄ±äÁ¿¡£ SHELL ±äÁ¿µÄÖµ¸æËßϵͳҪʹÓÃÄĸö shell »·¾³£¨ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÀïÊÇ bash shell£©£» PATH ±äÁ¿¶¨ÒåÓÃÀ´Ö´ÐÐÃüÁîµÄ·¾¶¡£cron ÈÎÎñµÄÊä³ö±»Óʼĸø MAILTO ±äÁ¿¶¨ÒåµÄÓû§Ãû¡£Èç¹û MAILTO ±äÁ¿±»¶¨ÒåΪ¿Õ°××Ö·û´®£¨ MAILTO="" £©£¬µç×ÓÓʼþ¾Í²»»á±»¼Ä³ö¡£ HOME ±äÁ¿¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´ÉèÖÃÔÚÖ´ÐÐÃüÁî»ò½Å±¾Ê±Ê¹ÓõÄÖ÷Ŀ¼¡£
/etc/crontab ÎļþÖеÄÿһÐж¼´ú±íÒ»ÏîÈÎÎñ£¬ËüµÄ¸ñʽÊÇ£º
minute hour day month dayofweek command
minute -- ·ÖÖÓ£¬´Ó 0 µ½ 59 Ö®¼äµÄÈκÎÕûÊý
hour -- Сʱ£¬´Ó 0 µ½ 23 Ö®¼äµÄÈκÎÕûÊý
day -- ÈÕÆÚ£¬´Ó 1 µ½ 31 Ö®¼äµÄÈκÎÕûÊý£¨Èç¹ûÖ¸¶¨ÁËÔ·ݣ¬±ØÐëÊǸÃÔ·ݵÄÓÐЧÈÕÆÚ£©
month -- Ô·ݣ¬´Ó 1 µ½ 12 Ö®¼äµÄÈκÎÕûÊý£¨»òʹÓÃÔ·ݵÄÓ¢ÎļòдÈç jan¡¢feb µÈµÈ£©
dayofweek -- ÐÇÆÚ£¬´Ó 0 µ½ 7 Ö®¼äµÄÈκÎÕûÊý£¬ÕâÀïµÄ 0 »ò 7 ´ú±íÐÇÆÚÈÕ£¨»òʹÓÃÐÇÆÚµÄÓ¢ÎļòдÈç sun¡¢mon µÈµÈ£©
command -- ÒªÖ´ÐеÄÃüÁÃüÁî¿ÉÒÔÊÇ ls /proc >> /tmp/proc Ö®ÀàµÄÃüÁҲ¿ÉÒÔÊÇÖ´ÐÐÄã×ÔÐбàдµÄ½Å±¾µÄÃüÁî¡££©
ÔÚÒÔÉÏÈκÎÖµÖУ¬ÐǺţ¨*£©¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´´ú±íËùÓÐÓÐЧµÄÖµ¡£Æ©È磬Ô·ÝÖµÖеÄÐǺÅÒâζ×ÅÔÚÂú×ãÆäËüÖÆÔ¼Ìõ¼þºóÿÔ¶¼Ö´ÐиÃÃüÁî¡£
ÕûÊý¼äµÄ¶ÌÏߣ¨-£©Ö¸¶¨Ò»¸öÕûÊý·¶Î§¡£Æ©È磬 1-4 Òâζ×ÅÕûÊý 1¡¢2¡¢3¡¢4¡£
ÓöººÅ£¨,£©¸ô¿ªµÄһϵÁÐÖµÖ¸¶¨Ò»¸öÁÐ±í¡£Æ©È磬 3, 4, 6, 8 ±êÃ÷ÕâËĸöÖ¸¶¨µÄÕûÊý¡£
ÕýбÏߣ¨/£©¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´Ö¸¶¨¼ä¸ôƵÂÊ¡£ÔÚ·¶Î§ºó¼ÓÉÏ /< integer > Òâζ×ÅÔÚ·¶Î§ÄÚ¿ÉÒÔÌø¹ý integer¡£Æ©È磬 0-59/2 ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´ÔÚ·ÖÖÓ×ֶζ¨ÒåÿÁ½·ÖÖÓ¡£¼ä¸ôƵÂÊÖµ»¹¿ÉÒÔºÍÐǺÅÒ»ÆðʹÓá£ÀýÈ磬 */3 µÄÖµ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÔÚÔ·Ý×Ö¶ÎÖбíʾÿÈý¸öÔÂÔËÐÐÒ»´ÎÈÎÎñ¡£
linux_ ÓÚ 2005-11-06 00:53:53·¢±í:
ÒªÆô¶¯ at ·þÎñ£¬Ê¹Óà /sbin/service atd start ÃüÁҪֹͣ¸Ã·þÎñ£¬ ʹÓà /sbin/service atd stop ÃüÁî¡£½¨ÒéÄãÔÚÒýµ¼Ê±Æô¶¯¸Ã·þÎñ¡£¹ØÓÚÔÚÒýµ¼Ê±×Ô¶¯Æô¶¯ at ·þÎñµÄÏêÇé¡£
linux_ ÓÚ 2005-11-06 00:53:24·¢±í:
MMDDYY¡¢MM/DD/YY¡¢»ò MM.DD.YY ¸ñʽ -- Æ©È磬011502 ´ú±í 2002 Äê 1 Ô 15 ÈÕ¡£
/timespec Îı¾Îļþ¡£
now + ʱ¼ä -- ʱ¼äÒÔ minutes¡¢hours¡¢days¡¢»ò weeks Ϊµ¥Î»¡£Æ©È磬now + 5 days ´ú±íÃüÁîÓ¦¸ÃÔÚ 5 ÌìÖ®ºóµÄ´Ëʱ´Ë¿ÌÖ´ÐС£
ʱ¼ä±ØÐëÒª±»ÏÈÖ¸¶¨£¬½Ó×ÅÊÇ¿ÉÓпÉÎÞµÄÈÕÆÚ¡£¹ØÓÚʱ¼ä¸ñʽµÄÏêÇ飬ÇëÔĶÁ /usr/share/doc/at-
¼üÈëÁË at ÃüÁîºÍËüµÄʱ¼ä²ÎÊýºó£¬ at> Ìáʾ¾Í»á³öÏÖ¡£¼üÈëÒªÖ´ÐеÄÃüÁ°´ [Enter] ¼ü£¬È»ºó¼üÈë Ctrl-D¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔÖ¸¶¨¶àÌõÃüÁ·½·¨ÊǼüÈëÿһÌõÃüÁîºó°´ [Enter] ¼ü¡£¼üÈëËùÓÐÃüÁîºó£¬°´ [Enter] ¼üתÈëÒ»¸ö¿ÕÐУ¬È»ºóÔÙ¼üÈë Ctrl-D¡£»òÕߣ¬ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔÔÚÌáʾºóÊäÈë shell ½Å±¾£¬Ôڽű¾µÄÿһÐÐºó°´ [Enter] ¼ü£¬È»ºóÔÚ¿ÕÐд¦¼üÈë Ctrl-D À´Í˳ö¡£Èç¹ûÊäÈëµÄÊǽű¾£¬ËùÓÃµÄ shell ¾Í»áÊÇÓû§µÄ SHELL »·¾³±äÁ¿ÖÐÉèÖõÄÖµ£¬Óû§µÄµÇ¼ shell£¬»òÊÇ /bin/sh £¨Ê¹ÓÃ×îÏÈ·¢Ïֵģ©¡£
Èç¹ûÕâ×éÃüÁî»ò½Å±¾ÊÔͼÔÚ±ê×¼Êä³öÖÐÏÔʾÐÅÏ¢£¬¸ÃÊä³ö»áÓõç×ÓÓʼþ·½Ê½±»ÓʼĸøÓû§¡£
ʹÓÃÃüÁî atq À´²é¿´µÈ´ýÔËÐеÄ×÷Òµ¡£ÏêÇéÇë²ÎÔÄ µÚ 28.3.3 ½Ú ¡£
at ÃüÁîµÄÓ÷¨Äܹ»±»ÖÆÔ¼¡£ÏêÇéÇë²ÎÔÄ µÚ 28.3.5 ½Ú ¡£
28.3.2. ÅäÖÃ batch ×÷Òµ
ÒªÔÚϵͳƽ¾ùÔØÁ¿½µµ½ 0.8 ÒÔÏÂʱִÐÐijÏîÒ»´ÎÐÔµÄÈÎÎñ£¬Ê¹Óà batch ÃüÁî¡£
¼üÈë batch ÃüÁîºó£¬ at> Ìáʾ¾Í»á³öÏÖ¡£¼üÈëÒªÖ´ÐеÄÃüÁ°´ [Enter] ¼ü£¬È»ºó¼üÈë Ctrl-D¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔÖ¸¶¨¶àÌõÃüÁ·½·¨ÊǼüÈëÿһÌõÃüÁîºó°´ [Enter] ¼ü¡£¼üÈëËùÓÐÃüÁîºó£¬°´ [Enter] ¼üתÈëÒ»¸ö¿ÕÐУ¬È»ºóÔÙ¼üÈë Ctrl-D¡£»òÕߣ¬ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔÔÚÌáʾºóÊäÈë shell ½Å±¾£¬Ôڽű¾µÄÿһÐÐºó°´ [Enter] ¼ü£¬È»ºó ÔÚ¿ÕÐд¦¼üÈë Ctrl-D À´Í˳ö¡£Èç¹ûÊäÈëµÄÊǽű¾£¬ËùÓÃµÄ shell ¾Í»áÊÇÓû§µÄ SHELL »·¾³±äÁ¿ÖÐÉèÖõÄÖµ£¬Óû§µÄµÇ¼ shell£¬»òÊÇ /bin/sh £¨Ê¹ÓÃ×îÏÈ·¢Ïֵģ©¡£ÏµÍ³Æ½¾ùÔØÁ¿Ò»½µµ½ 0.8 ÒÔÏ£¬Õâ×éÃüÁî»ò½Å±¾¾Í»á±»Ö´ÐС£
Èç¹ûÕâ×éÃüÁî»ò½Å±¾ÊÔͼÔÚ±ê×¼Êä³öÖÐÏÔʾÐÅÏ¢£¬¸ÃÊä³ö»áÓõç×ÓÓʼþ·½Ê½±»ÓʼĸøÓû§¡£
ʹÓÃÃüÁî atq À´²é¿´µÈ´ýÔËÐеÄ×÷Òµ¡£ÏêÇéÇë²ÎÔÄ µÚ 28.3.3 ½Ú ¡£
batch ÃüÁîµÄÓ÷¨Äܹ»±»ÖÆÔ¼¡£ÏêÇéÇë²ÎÔÄ µÚ 28.3.5 ½Ú ¡£
28.3.3. ²é¿´µÈ´ýÔËÐеÄ×÷Òµ
Òª²é¿´µÈ´ýÔËÐÐµÄ at ºÍ batch ×÷Òµ£¬Ê¹Óà atq ÃüÁî¡£ËüÏÔʾһÁеȴýÔËÐеÄ×÷Òµ£¬Ã¿Ïî×÷ÒµÖ»Õ¼¾ÝÒ»ÐС£Ã¿Ò»Ðеĸñʽ¶¼ÊÇ£º×÷ÒµºÅÂë¡¢ ÈÕÆÚ¡¢Ð¡Ê±¡¢×÷ÒµÀà±ð¡¢ÒÔ¼°Óû§Ãû¡£Óû§Ö»Äܲ鿴ËûÃÇ×Ô¼ºµÄ×÷Òµ¡£Èç¹û¸ùÓû§Ö´ÐÐ atq ÃüÁËùÓÐÓû§µÄÈ«²¿×÷Òµ¶¼»á±»ÏÔʾ¡£
28.3.4. ÆäËüµÄÃüÁîÐÐÑ¡Ïî
at ºÍ batch µÄÆäËüÃüÁîÐÐÑ¡Ïî°üÀ¨£º
Ñ¡Ïî ÃèÊö -f ´ÓÎļþÖжÁÈ¡ÃüÁî»ò shell ½Å±¾£¬¶ø·ÇÔÚÌáʾºóÖ¸¶¨ËüÃÇ¡£ -m ÔÚ×÷ÒµÍê³Éºó£¬¸øÓû§·¢Ë͵ç×ÓÓʼþ¡£ -v ÏÔʾ×÷Òµ½«±»Ö´ÐеÄʱ¼ä¡£
±í 28-1. at ºÍ batch µÄÃüÁîÐÐÑ¡Ïî
28.3.5. ¿ØÖÆ¶Ô at ºÍ batch µÄʹÓÃ
/etc/at.allow ºÍ /etc/at.deny Îļþ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´ÏÞÖÆ¶Ô at ºÍ batch ÃüÁîµÄʹÓá£ÕâÁ½¸öʹÓÿØÖÆÎļþµÄ¸ñʽ¶¼ÊÇÿÐÐÒ»¸öÓû§¡£Á½¸öÎļþ¶¼²»ÔÊÐíʹÓÿհ××Ö·û¡£Èç¹ûʹÓÿØÖÆÎļþ±»ÐÞ¸ÄÁË£¬ at ÊØ»¤½ø³Ì£¨ atd £© ²»±Ø±»ÖØÆô¡£Ã¿´ÎÓû§ÊÔͼִÐÐ at »ò batch ÃüÁîʱ£¬Ê¹ÓÿØÖÆÎļþ¶¼»á±»¶ÁÈ¡¡£
²»ÂÛʹÓÿØÖÆÎļþÈçºÎ¹æ¶¨£¬¸ùÓû§¶¼×ÜÊÇ¿ÉÒÔÖ´ÐÐ at ºÍ batch ÃüÁî¡£
Èç¹û at.allow Îļþ´æÔÚ£¬Ö»ÓÐÆäÖÐÁгöµÄÓû§²ÅÄÜʹÓà at »ò batch ÃüÁ at.deny Îļþ»á±»ºöÂÔ¡£
Èç¹û at.allow Îļþ²»´æÔÚ£¬ËùÓÐÔÚ at.deny ÎļþÖÐÁгöµÄÓû§¶¼±»½ûֹʹÓà at ºÍ batch ÃüÁî¡£
28.3.6. Æô¶¯ºÍÍ£Ö¹·þÎñ
linux_ ÓÚ 2005-11-06 00:53:04·¢±í:
period -- ÃüÁîÖ´ÐеÄƵÂÊ£¨ÌìÊý£©
delay -- ÑÓ³Ùʱ¼ä£¨·ÖÖÓ£©
job-identifier -- ÈÎÎñµÄÃèÊö£¬ÓÃÔÚ anacron µÄÏûÏ¢ÖУ¬²¢×÷Ϊ×÷ҵʱ¼ä´ÁÎļþµÄÃû³Æ£¬Ö»ÄÜ°üÀ¨·Ç¿Õ°×µÄ×Ö·û£¨³ýбÏßÍ⣩¡£
command -- ÒªÖ´ÐеÄÃüÁî
¶ÔÓÚÿÏîÈÎÎñ£¬anacron ÏÈÅж¨¸ÃÈÎÎñÊÇ·ñÒÑÔÚÅäÖÃÎļþµÄ period ×Ö¶ÎÖÐÖ¸¶¨µÄÆÚ¼äÄÚ±»Ö´ÐÐÁË¡£Èç¹ûËüÔÚ¸ø¶¨ÆÚ¼äÄÚ»¹Ã»Óб»Ö´ÐУ¬anacron »áµÈ´ý delay ×Ö¶ÎÖÐÖ¸¶¨µÄ·ÖÖÓÊý£¬È»ºóÖ´ÐÐ command ×Ö¶ÎÖÐÖ¸¶¨µÄÃüÁî¡£
ÈÎÎñÍê³Éºó£¬anacron ÔÚ /var/spool/anacron Ŀ¼ÄÚµÄʱ¼ä´ÁÎļþÖмǼÈÕÆÚ¡£Ö»ÓÐÈÕÆÚ±»¼Ç¼£¨ÎÞʱ¼ä£©£¬¶øÇÒ job-identifier µÄÖµ±»ÓÃ×÷ʱ¼ä´ÁÎļþµÄÃû³Æ¡£
ºÍ cron ÅäÖÃÎļþÒ»Ñù£¬ SHELL ºÍ PATH Ö®ÀàµÄ»·¾³±äÁ¿¿ÉÒÔÔÚ /etc/anacrontab ÎļþµÄÇ°²¿¶¨Òå¡£
ĬÈϵÄÅäÖÃÎļþ¿´ÆðÀ´ºÍÒÔÏÂÏàËÆ£º
# /etc/anacrontab: configuration file for anacron
# See anacron(8) and anacrontab(5) for details.
SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin # These entries are useful for a Red Hat Linux
# These entries are useful for a Red Hat Linux system.
1 5 cron.daily run-parts /etc/cron.daily
7 10 cron.weekly run-parts /etc/cron.weekly
30 15 cron.monthly run-parts /etc/cron.monthly
ͼ 28-1. ĬÈ쵀 anacrontab
ÈçÄãÔÚ Í¼ 28-1 ÖÐËù¼û£¬ÅäÖà Red Hat Linux anacron µÄÄ¿µÄÊÇÈ·±£Ã¿ÈÕ¡¢Ã¿ÖÜ¡¢ºÍÿÔ嵀 cron ÈÎÎñ¶¼±»ÔËÐС£
28.2.2. Æô¶¯ºÍÍ£Ö¹·þÎñ
ÒªÆô¶¯ anacron ·þÎñ£¬Ê¹Óà /sbin/service anacron start ÃüÁҪֹͣ¸Ã·þÎñ£¬Ê¹Óà /sbin/service anacron stop ÃüÁî¡£ÍƼöÄãÔÚÒýµ¼Ê±Æô¶¯¸Ã·þÎñ¡£¹ØÓÚÔÚÒýµ¼Ê±×Ô¶¯Æô¶¯ anacron µÄÏêÇ飬Çë²ÎÔÄ µÚ14Õ ¡£
28.3. at ºÍ batch
cron ºÍ anacron ±»ÓÃÀ´µ÷¶ÈÖظ´µÄÈÎÎñ£¬ at ÃüÁî±»ÓÃÀ´ÔÚÖ¸¶¨Ê±¼äÄÚµ÷¶ÈÒ»´ÎÐÔµÄÈÎÎñ¡£ batch ÃüÁî±»ÓÃÀ´ÔÚϵͳƽ¾ùÔØÁ¿½µµ½ 0.8 ÒÔÏÂʱִÐÐÒ»´ÎÐÔµÄÈÎÎñ¡£
ҪʹÓà at »ò batch ÃüÁÄã±ØÐë°²×°ÁË at RPM Èí¼þ°ü£¬²¢ÇÒ atd ·þÎñ±ØÐëÔÚÔËÐС£ÒªÅж¨¸ÃÈí¼þ°üÊÇ·ñ±»°²×°ÁË£¬Ê¹Óà rpm -q at ÃüÁî¡£ÒªÅж¨¸Ã·þÎñÊÇ·ñÔÚÔËÐУ¬Ê¹Óà /sbin/service atd status ÃüÁî¡£
28.3.1. ÅäÖÃ at ×÷Òµ
ÒªÔÚijһָ¶¨Ê±¼äÄÚµ÷¶ÈÒ»ÏîÒ»´ÎÐÔ×÷Òµ£¬¼üÈë at time ÃüÁî¡£ÕâÀïµÄ time ÊÇÖ´ÐÐÃüÁîµÄʱ¼ä¡£
time ²ÎÊý¿ÉÒÔÊÇÏÂÃæ¸ñʽÖÐÈκÎÒ»ÖÖ£º
HH:MM ¸ñʽ -- Æ©È磬04:00 ´ú±í 4:00AM¡£Èç¹ûʱ¼äÒѹý£¬Ëü¾Í»áÔÚµÚ¶þÌìµÄÕâһʱ¼äÖ´ÐС£
midnight -- ´ú±í 12:00AM¡£
noon -- ´ú±í 12:00PM¡£
teatime -- ´ú±í 4:00PM¡£
Ó¢ÎÄÔÂÃû ÈÕÆÚ Äê·Ý ¸ñʽ-- Æ©È磬January 15 2002 ´ú±í 2002 Äê 1 Ô 15 ÈÕ¡£Äê·Ý¿ÉÓпÉÎÞ¡£
linux_ ÓÚ 2005-11-06 00:52:39·¢±í:
¿ªÍ·Îª¾®ºÅ£¨#£©µÄÐÐÊÇ×¢ÊÍ£¬²»»á±»´¦Àí¡£
ÈçÄãÔÚ /etc/crontab ÎļþÖÐËù¼û£¬ËüʹÓà run-parts ½Å±¾À´Ö´ÐÐ /etc/cron.hourly ¡¢ /etc/cron.daily ¡¢ /etc/cron.weekly ºÍ /etc/cron.monthly Ŀ¼ÖеĽű¾£¬ÕâЩ½Å±¾±»ÏàÓ¦µØÿСʱ¡¢Ã¿ÈÕ¡¢Ã¿ÖÜ¡¢»òÿÔÂÖ´ÐС£ÕâЩĿ¼ÖеÄÎļþÓ¦¸ÃÊÇ shell ½Å±¾¡£
Èç¹ûij cron ÈÎÎñÐèÒª¸ù¾Ýµ÷¶ÈÀ´Ö´ÐУ¬¶ø²»ÊÇÿСʱ¡¢Ã¿ÈÕ¡¢Ã¿ÖÜ¡¢»òÿÔµØÖ´ÐУ¬Ëü¿ÉÒÔ±»Ìí¼Óµ½ /etc/cron.d Ŀ¼ÖС£¸ÃĿ¼ÖеÄËùÓÐÎļþʹÓÃºÍ /etc/crontab ÖÐÒ»ÑùµÄÓï·¨¡£·¶ÀýÇë²Î¼ûÀý 28-1¡£
# record the memory usage of the system every monday
# at 3:30AM in the file /tmp/meminfo
30 3 * * mon cat /proc/meminfo >> /tmp/meminfo
# run custom script the first day of every month at 4:10AM
10 4 1 * * /root/scripts/backup.sh
Àý 28-1. crontab µÄÀý×Ó
¸ùÓû§ÒÔÍâµÄÓû§¿ÉÒÔʹÓà crontab ¹¤¾ßÀ´ÅäÖà cron ÈÎÎñ¡£ËùÓÐÓû§¶¨ÒåµÄ crontab ¶¼±»±£´æÔÚ /var/spool/cron Ŀ¼ÖУ¬²¢Ê¹Óô´½¨ËüÃǵÄÓû§Éí·ÝÀ´Ö´ÐС£ÒªÒÔijÓû§Éí·Ý´´½¨Ò»¸ö crontab ÏîÄ¿£¬µÇ¼Ϊ¸ÃÓû§£¬È»ºó¼üÈë crontab -e ÃüÁʹÓÃÓÉ VISUAL »ò ED99vOR »·¾³±äÁ¿Ö¸¶¨µÄ±à¼Æ÷À´±à¼¸ÃÓû§µÄ crontab¡£¸ÃÎļþʹÓõĸñʽºÍ /etc/crontab Ïàͬ¡£µ±¶Ô crontab Ëù×öµÄ¸Ä±ä±»±£´æºó£¬¸Ã crontab Îļþ¾Í»á¸ù¾Ý¸ÃÓû§Ãû±»±£´æ£¬²¢Ð´ÈëÎļþ /var/spool/cron/ username ÖС£
cron ÊØ»¤½ø³Ìÿ·ÖÖÓ¶¼¼ì²é /etc/crontab Îļþ¡¢ etc/cron.d/ Ŀ¼¡¢ÒÔ¼° /var/spool/cron Ŀ¼Öеĸı䡣Èç¹û·¢ÏÖÁ˸ı䣬ËüÃǾͻᱻÔØÈëÄÚ´æ¡£ÕâÑù£¬µ±Ä³¸ö crontab Îļþ¸Ä±äºó¾Í²»±ØÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ÊØ»¤½ø³ÌÁË¡£
28.1.2. ¿ØÖÆ¶Ô cron µÄʹÓÃ
/etc/cron.allow ºÍ /etc/cron.deny Îļþ±»ÓÃÀ´ÏÞÖÆ¶Ô cron µÄʹÓá£ÕâÁ½¸öʹÓÿØÖÆÎļþµÄ¸ñʽ¶¼ÊÇÿÐÐÒ»¸öÓû§¡£Á½¸öÎļþ¶¼²»ÔÊÐí¿Õ¸ñ¡£Èç¹ûʹÓÿØÖÆÎļþ±»ÐÞ¸ÄÁË£¬cron ÊØ»¤½ø³Ì£¨ crond £©²»±Ø±»ÖØÆô¡£Ê¹ÓÿØÖÆÎļþÔÚÿ´ÎÓû§Ìí¼Ó»òɾ³ýÒ»Ïî cron ÈÎÎñʱ¶¼»á±»¶ÁÈ¡¡£
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28.1.3. Æô¶¯ºÍÍ£Ö¹·þÎñ
ÒªÆô¶¯ cron ·þÎñ£¬Ê¹Óà /sbin/service crond start ÃüÁҪֹͣ¸Ã·þÎñ£¬Ê¹Óà /sbin/service crond stop ÃüÁî¡£ÍƼöÄãÔÚÒýµ¼Ê±Æô¶¯¸Ã·þÎñ¡£¹ØÓÚÈçºÎÔÚÒýµ¼Ê±×Ô¶¯Æô¶¯ cron ·þÎñµÄÏêÇ飬Çë²ÎÔÄ µÚ14Õ ¡£
28.2. anacron
anacron ÊÇºÍ cron ÏàËƵÄÈÎÎñµ÷¶ÈÆ÷£¬Ö»²»¹ýËü²¢²»ÒªÇóϵͳ³ÖÐøÔËÐС£Ëü¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´ÔËÐÐͨ³£ÓÉ cron ÔËÐеÄÿÈÕ¡¢Ã¿ÖÜ¡¢ºÍÿÔµÄ×÷Òµ¡£
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28.2.1. ÅäÖÃ anacron ÈÎÎñ
anacron ÈÎÎñ±»ÁÐÔÚÅäÖÃÎļþ /etc/anacrontab ÖС£ÎļþÖеÄÿһÐж¼´ú±íÒ»ÏîÈÎÎñ£¬¸ñʽÊÇ£º
period delay job-identifier command