ºìÁªLinuxÃÅ»§
Linux°ïÖú

UNIXϵͳ¹ÜÀí£­µÚÈýÕ£º¶¨ÖÆÓû§ÕʺÅ

·¢²¼Ê±¼ä:2006-11-17 00:55:05À´Ô´:ºìÁª×÷Õß:M-zone
Ä¿±ê
ѧÍêÕâÒ»Õ£¬Ä㽫Äܹ»×öÒÔÏÂÊÂÇ飺
ÁгöÔڵǼ¹ý³ÌÖжÁÈ¡µÄÅäÖÃÎļþ
¸ü¸ÄĬÈϵÄÓû§PATH
¸ü¸ÄĬÈϵÄÓû§ÖÕ¶ËÀàÐÍ
¸ü¸ÄÓû§Ìáʾ·û
¸ü¸ÄÓû§ÃüÁîÐб༭Æ÷
¸ü¸ÄÓû§Ä¬ÈÏ´òÓ¡»ú
¹ÜÀí/etc/skelÖÐĬÈϵÄÅäÖÃÎļþ
ΪʲôҪ¶¨ÖÆÓû§ÕʺÅ
ÉèÖÃÓû§ÖÕ¶ËÀàÐÍ
¶¨ÖÆÓû§Ìáʾ·û
ÉèÖÃÓû§Ä¬ÈÏÖնˣ¬¶¨ÖÆÓû§PATH±äÁ¿
¶¨ÒåÒ»¸öÃüÁîÐб༭Æ÷
Èç¹ûÖ»ÊǼòµ¥µØÔÚ/etc/passwdºÍ/etc/groupÎļþÖд´½¨ÌõÄ¿¿ÉÄܲ»ÄÜÂú×ãÓû§ËùÓÐÐèÇó£¬ÀýÈ磺
Äã¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª¶¨ÒåÓû§µÄÖÕ¶ËÀàÐÍ£¬ÒÔ±ãÓ¦ÓóÌÐò¿ÉÒÔÕýÈ·µØÊä³öµ½Óû§µÄÆÁÄ»ÉÏ¡£
Äã¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª¶¨ÖÆÓû§µÄÌáʾ·û¡£ÒòΪÐí¶àµÄÓû§Ï²»¶ÔÚÌáʾ·ûÖÐÏÔʾËûÃǵ±Ç°ËùÔÚ·¾¶Ãû
ËäȻϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±¶¨ÒåÁËÒ»¸öϵͳĬÈÏ´òÓ¡»ú£¬µ«ÊÇÓÐЩÓû§¿ÉÄÜ»áÒªÇóʹÓÃÁíÍâµÄ´òÓ¡»ú¡£
Èç¹ûÓû§ÒªÊ¹ÓõÚÈý·½µÄÈí¼þ£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÐÞ¸ÄËûÃǵÄPATH±äÁ¿£¬ÒÔ±ãshell¿ÉÒÔÕÒµ½ÕâЩӦÓóÌÐò¡£
Èç¹ûÓû§Ï£ÍûʹÓÃÃüÁîÐб༭ºÍÃüÁîÀúÊ·»úÖÆ£¬ÐèÒªÌØÊâµÄÅäÖá£Äã¿ÉÄÜÏ£ÍûΪÐÂÓû§ÅäÖÃÕâЩ¹¦ÄÜ¡£
һЩÀý×Ó
export TERM='vt100'
export PS1='$PWD $'
export LPDEST='laser'
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin
export EDITOR=vi
export HISTSIZE=40
export HISTFILE=~/.sh_history
ÉÏÀýÖÐÌáµ½µÄÌØÐÔÊÇÔڵǼµÄʱºò£¬Í¨¹ý¡°»·¾³¡±±äÁ¿À´¶¨ÒåµÄ¡£Ò»Ð©¾­³£Ð޸ĵĻ·¾³±äÁ¿ÈçÏÂ
TERM ¡¡¡¡
TERM±äÁ¿¶¨ÒåÁËÓû§µÄÖÕ¶ËÀàÐÍ¡£Èç¹ûTERM±äÁ¿ÉèÖò»ÕýÈ·¡£Ó¦ÓóÌÐò¾Í¿ÉÄܲ»ÄÜÕýÈ·µØдµ½Óû§µÄÖնˡ£ÓÐЧµÄÖÕ¶ËÀàÐÍÈ«²¿ÔÚ/usr/lib/terminfo/*Ŀ¼ÏÂÁгö¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÈçÏÂÀàËƵÄÃüÁîÀ´×¼È·µÄÉèÖÃÒ»¸öTERMÀàÐÍ£º
export TERM=vt100 ¡¡¡¡ ¡¡¡¡#¶ÔÓ¦Ò»¸övt100ÀàÐ͵ÄÖÕ¶Ë
export TERM=hp¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ #¶ÔÓ¦Ò»¸öHP ASCIIÖÕ¶Ë
export TERM=dtterm¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ #¶ÔÓ¦Ò»¸ödttermÖÕ¶ËÄ£Äâ´°¿Ú
ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃttytypeÃüÁîÀ´ÉèÖÃÄãµÄÖն˱äÁ¿¡£Õâ¸öÃüÁîͨ³£¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¯Ê¶±ðÄãµÄÖÕ¶ËÀàÐÍ¡£ÒÔϵĴúÂë¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓÈëµ½ÄãµÄµÇ¼ʱÔËÐеĽű¾ÖУ¬ÎªÄãÉèÖÃÄãµÄÖÕ¶ËÀàÐÍ£º
if [ "$TERM = "" -0 \
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡"#TERM" = "unknown" -o \
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡"#TERM" = "dialup" -o \
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡"#TERM" = "network" ]
¡¡¡¡then
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡eval 'ttytype -s -a '
¡¡¡¡fi
¡¡¡¡export TERM
PS1
PS1±äÁ¿¶¨ÒåÄãµÄshellÌáʾ·û¡£Õâ¸öÌáʾ·ûÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓÉÓû§×Ô¼ºÀ´Ð޸ġ£Ò»Ð©ÓÐÓõÄPS1µÄÖµÈçÏÂËùʾ£º
export PS1='S' ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡#ʹÓÃÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄ"$"Ìáʾ·û
export PS1='$PWD $'¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡#ÔÚÌáʾ·ûÄÚ°üÀ¨Óû§µÄpwd
export PS1='$PWD ($LOGNAME) $'¡¡¡¡¡¡ #ͬʱ°üÀ¨Óû§µÄÓû§Ãû
LPDEST
LPDEST¶¨ÒåÁËÓû§Ä¬ÈÏ´òÓ¡»ú¡£ÔÚLPDESTÖÐÉèÖõĴòÓ¡»ú»áÓÅÏÈÓÚϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÉèÖõÄϵͳ·¶Î§ÄÚµÄĬÈÏ´òÓ¡»ú¡£Àý×Ó £º
export LPDEST=laser
export LPDEST=printera
PATH
Óû§Ã¿´ÎÊäÈëÒ»¸öÃüÁshell¾Í±ØÐëÈ¥²éÕÒÕâ¸öÃüÁîµÄ¿ÉÖ´ÐÐÎļþµÄλÖá£PATH±äÁ¿Öаüº¬ÓÐÒ»¸öÒÔ¡°£º¡±·Ö¸îµÄ·¾¶µÄÁÐ±í£¬shellÔÚÕâЩÁбíÖвéÕÒ¿ÉÖ´ÐÐÎļþ¡£Èç¹ûÓû§ÐèҪʹÓÃÒ»¸öеÄÓ¦Óú͹¤¾ß£¬ÄãÒ²Ðí»áÐèÒªÐÞ¸ÄÄãµÄPATH±äÁ¿¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒÔÏÂÀàËƵÄÓï·¨À´ÔÚÓû§µÄPATHÖÐÔö¼ÓеÄĿ¼£º
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡# ÔÚÒÑ´æÔÚµÄPATHÖÐÔö¼Ó/usr/local/binÕâÒ»¸ö·¾¶
³õʼ»¯µÄPATH±äÁ¿Í¨³£È¡×Ô/etc/PATHÎļþ¡£Í¨³£°²×°Ò»¸öÓ¦Óûá×Ô¶¯¸üÐÂ/etc/PATHÎļþ£¬ËùÒÔ²»Óõ¥¶ÀµØÉèÖÃÓû§µÄPATH¡£
EDITOR
Èç¹ûÄãµÄÓû§ÏëҪʹÓÃÃüÁîÐб༭£¬ÐèÒª¶¨ÒåÈý¸ö±äÁ¿£º
export EDITOR=vi
export HISTFILE=~/.sh_history
export HISTSIZE=50
EDITOR¶¨ÒåÓû§Ñ¡ÔñµÄÃüÁîÐб༭Æ÷¡£emacsºÍviÊÇΨһÔÊÐíµÄÁ½¸öÖµ¡£HISTFILE´ú±í¼Ç¼Óû§ÊäÈëµÄÃüÁîµÄÎļþÃû¡£HISTSIZE¾ö¶¨±£´æÔÚshellµÄÃüÁ³åÇøÄÚµÄÃüÁîµÄÊýÁ¿¡£
ÕâЩ½ö½öÊÇÄãÄÜΪÄãµÄÓû§¶¨ÒåµÄÆÕͨµÄ»·¾³±äÁ¿µÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£ÆäËüµÄ»·¾³±äÁ¿µÄ¶¨Òå¿ÉÒÔÔÚPOSIX shellµÄ°ïÖúÖвéÕÒ£¬ÄãµÄÓû§Ò²¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÓõ½ÆäËüµÄ±äÁ¿¡£
»·¾³±äÁ¿¿ÉÒÔÔÚÃüÁîÐÐÖж¨Ò壬µ«ÊǸüͨ³£µÄ×ö·¨ÊÇÔڵǼÅäÖÃÎļþÖж¨Ò壬Õâ»áÔÚÒÔϵÄÕ½ÚÖнéÉÜ¡£
Óû§µÇ¼µÄʱºò·¢ÉúÁËʲô£¿
ËäÈ»¶¨ÖÆÒ»¸öÓû§µÄµÇ¼»·¾³µÄ»·¾³±äÁ¿¿ÉÒÔÔÚÃüÁîÐÐÖж¨Ò壬µ«ÊÇͨ³£ÊÇÔڵǼ¹ý³ÌÖÐÖ´ÐеĽű¾Öж¨Ò壬µäÐ͵ģ¬ÓÐÈý¸ö½Å±¾±»ÓÃÓÚÔÚÓû§µÇ¼ʱ³õʼ»¯»·¾³¡£
µÚÒ»¸ö½Å±¾ÊÇÓÉϵͳ¹ÜÀíԱά»¤µÄÒ»¸ö½Å±¾Îļþ£¬ÓÃÀ´ÎªËùÓеÄÓû§¶¨ÖÆͨÓõĻ·¾³±äÁ¿¡£
µÚ¶þ¸ö½Å±¾ÊÇÿ¸öÓû§×Ô¼ºÎ¬»¤µÄ±¾µØ½Å±¾Îļþ£¬±¾µØµÇ¼½Å±¾Äܸ²¸ÇºÍÐÞ¸ÄϵͳĬÈϵĽű¾¡£
ÁíÒ»¸ö¿ÉÑ¡µÄ½Å±¾£º¸½¼ÓµÄ±¾µØµÇ¼½Å±¾Äܹ»¶¨Ò帽¼ÓµÄ»·¾³±äÁ¿»òÕßÉèÖø½¼ÓµÄshellÌØÕ÷¡£ÔÚPOSIX shellÖУ¬¸½¼ÓµÄ½Å±¾Í¨³£ÓÃÀ´¶¨Òåshell±ðÃû¡£
µÇ¼½Å±¾µÄÃû×ÖÔÚ¸÷ÖÖshellÖж¼ÊDz»Í¬µÄ¡£ÒÔÏÂÊÇPOSIX£¬Korn,ºÍC shellsµÄµÇ¼½Å±¾µÄÏêϸÌÖÂÛ£º
Shell»·¾³³õʼ»¯µÄ˳Ðò
1. shellÔËÐÐÕýÈ·µÄϵͳµÇ¼½Å±¾£¬Õâ¸ö½Å±¾³õʼ»¯Óû§µÄ»·¾³¡£ÏµÍ³µÇ¼½Å±¾¶¨ÒåÒ»¸öĬÈϵĻ·¾³£¬Õâ¸ö½Å±¾¿ÉÒÔÓÉϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±¶¨ÖÆ¡£
Èç¹ûshellÊÇ..... ϵͳµÇ¼½Å±¾ÊÇ....
Bourne(/usr/old/bin/sh) /etc/profile
korn(/usr/bin/ksh) /etc/profile
POSIX(/usr/bin/sh) /etc/profile
ÏÞÖƵÄshell(/usr/bin/rshr,/usr/bin/rksh /etc/profile
C (/usr/bin/csh) /etc/csh.login
ÕâЩ½Å±¾¶¨ÒåºÍÊä³öµÄ»·¾³±äÁ¿ÓÐPATH,TZ,TERM£¬ÆäÀ´Ô´ÓÚ/etc/PATH,/etc/MANPATH,/etc/TIMEZONE,/etc/SHLIB_PATHÕâЩÎļþ¡£ÓÉÓÚÕâ¸öϵͳµÇ¼½Å±¾ÔÚËùÓÐÓû§µÇ¼µÄʱºò¶¼»áÔËÐУ¬ÏµÍ³¹ÜÀíÔ±¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÐÞ¸ÄÕâ¸öÎļþÀ´ÎªËùÓÐÓû§ÉèÖÃĬÈÏ»·¾³±äÁ¿¡£
ÕâÖÖÌØÐÔ»¹¿ÉÒÔÈÃÿһ¸öÓû§ÔڵǼϵͳʱִÐÐһЩ»ù±¾µÄÃüÁî¡£
2. ÏÔʾ/etc/copyright ºÍ/etc/motdÎļþÖеÄÄÚÈÝ¡£
3. ÌáʾÓû§Ã»ÓÐÔĶÁµÄÐÂÎÅ£º
¡¡¡¡news:news_filename
4. shellÔËÐÐÔÚÓû§µÄhomeĿ¼ÏµÄÓû§µÄ±¾µØµÇ¼½Å±¾£¨Èç¹û´æÔÚ£©¡£
Èç¹ûshellΪ..... ±¾µØµÇ¼½Å±¾Îª....
Bourne(/usr/old/bin/sh .profile
Korn(/usr/bin/ksh) .profile
POSIX(/usr/bin/sh .profile
ÏÞÖƵÄshell£¨/usr/bin/rsh,/usr/bin/rksh .profile
C (/usr/bin/csh) .login
×¢Ò⣺ÔÚµäÐÍÇé¿öÏ£¬ÏµÍ³¹ÜÀíÔ±ÔÚ×î³õ´´½¨Óû§ÕʺÅʱ£¬»áΪÿ¸öÓû§´´½¨Ò»¸ö±¾µØµÄµÇ¼½Å±¾¡£Èç¹ûʹÓÃuseraddÃüÁîÀ´Ìí¼ÓÒ»¸öÓû§£¬Ëü»á¿½±´Ä¬Èϱ¾µØµÇ¼½Å±¾Îļþ£¨/etc/skel/.profile)µ½Õâ¸öÓû§µÄhomeĿ¼Ï¡£Óû§¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¼º¼ÌÐøÐÞ¸ÄÕâ¸öÎļþÀ´¶¨ÖÆËûÃǵĻ·¾³±äÁ¿£¬ÒÔÂú×ã×Ô¼ºµÄÐèÒª¡£
ÔÚÕâ¸ö½Å±¾Ö®Í⣬POSIX,Korn,ºÍC shells¿ÉÄÜ£¨Í¨³£¶¼»á£©ÓÐÁíÍâµÄ±¾µØµÇ¼½Å±¾£º
£­POSIXºÍkorn shell£­£º Èç¹û¶¨ÒåÁËENV±äÁ¿£¬shell»áÔËÐÐÔÚENVÖж¨ÒåµÄÎļþ£¨µäÐ͵ģ¬.shrcÔÚ¿ªÆôÒ»¸öеÄshellµÄʱºòÖ´ÐУ¬Ðí¶à³ÌÐò£¨ÀýÈ磬vi,ºÍmailx)ÔËÐÐÓû§ÔÚ³ÌÐòÖ´ÐÐÖпªÆôÒ»¸öshell£»Õâ±»³ÆΪһ¸öshell escape,Ò»¸öshell escape»áÒªÇóÖØÐÂÖ´ÐÐÒ»´ÎENVÎļþ£¬¶ø.profileÖ»»áÔڵǼµÄʱºòÖ´ÐС£ENVÎļþ£¨.kshrc»òÕß.shrc)»áÔڵǼʱ£¬.profileÎļþÖ´ÐкóÖ´ÐС£
£­ C shell£ºÔÚÒ»¸öеÄC shellÆô¶¯µÄʱºòÔËÐÐ.cshrcÎļþ¡£ÕâºÍKorn shell ENVÎļþµÄ¹¤×÷·½Ê½ÀàËÆ¡£.login ÎļþÖ»ÔڵǼµÄʱºòÔËÐУ¬Ã¿Ò»´Î¿ªÆôÒ»¸öеÄC shellµÄʱºò»áÖØÐÂÔËÐÐ.chsrcÎļþ¡£
Ò»µ©ËùÓеijõʼ»¯¹¤×÷¶¼Íê³Éºó£¬shell»á³öÏÖÒ»¸öÌáʾ·ûµÈ´ýÓû§µÄÊäÈë¡£
/etc/skelĿ¼
µ±Ê¹ÓÃuseraddÃüÁî´´½¨Ò»¸öÐÂÓû§ÕʺŵÄʱºò£¬ÏµÍ³»á¿½±´Ò»Ð©Ä¬ÈϵÄÅäÖÃÎļþµ½ÐÂÓû§µÄhomeĿ¼Ï¡£/etc/skelĿ¼ÏµÄĬÈϵÄÅäÖÃÎļþ°üÀ¨£º
/etc/skel/.profile¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡#ksh/posix±¾µØµÇ¼½Å±¾
/etc/skel/.login¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡#csh ±¾µØµÇ¼½Å±¾
/etc/skel/.cshrc¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ #csh ¸½¼ÓµÇ¼½Å±¾
/etc/skel/.exrc¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡#vi Æô¶¯ÅäÖÃÎļþ
Èç¹ûÄãÏëÒªÐÞ¸Ä×Ô¶¯¿½±´µ½ÐÂÓû§homeĿ¼ÖеÄĬÈÏÅäÖÃÎļþ£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÐÞ¸Ä/etc/skelÖеÄÎļþ¡£¶Ô/etc/skelĿ¼ÏµÄÎļþµÄÐ޸IJ»»áÓ°ÏìÒѾ­´æÔÚµØÓû§µÄhomeĿ¼ÏµÄÎļþ¡£
Èç¹ûÄãµÄÓ¦ÓÃÒªÇóÔÚÐÂÓû§µÄhomeĿ¼ÏÂ×Ô¶¯´´½¨Ò»Ð©ÅäÖÃÎļþ£¬ÄãͬÑùÒ²¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÔÚ/etc/skelĿ¼ÏÂÌí¼ÓÎļþÀ´ÊµÏÖ¡£
ÎÄÕÂÆÀÂÛ

¹²ÓÐ 0 ÌõÆÀÂÛ