ÈÝ°üÀ¨ÈçºÎÀûÓÃͼÐλ¯¹¤¾ß rfuser ºÍÔÚÃüÁîÐнçÃæÏÂÍê³ÉÓû§Õ˺š¢¹¤×÷×éµÄ½¨Á¢ºÍά»¤£¬²¢ÕýÈ·ÉèÖÃÓû§È¨Ï޺Ͱ²È«ÐÔÎÊÌâ¡£
ÀûÓÃͼÐÎÅäÖù¤¾ß rfuser ÓëʹÓÃÃüÁî½øÐÐÓû§/Óû§×é¹ÜÀíÍê³ÉµÄÊÇͬÑùµÄ¹¤×÷£¬²»Í¬Ö®´¦ÔÚÓÚͼÐι¤¾ßµÄ²Ù×÷½çÃæÓѺÃÖ±¹Û£¬Óû§Ò²²»±ØÈ¥¼ÇÒä´óÁ¿µÄÃüÁîºÍ²ÎÊý¡£
2.1 ¸ÅÊö
ÔÚ Linux ϵͳÖУ¬Ã¿¸öÓû§¶ÔÓ¦Ò»¸öÕʺš£Red Flag Server 4.1 °²×°Íê³Éºó£¬ÏµÍ³±¾ÉíÒÑ´´½¨ÁËһЩÌØÊâÓû§£¬ËüÃǾßÓÐÌØÊâµÄÒâÒ壬ÆäÖÐ×îÖØÒªµÄÊdz¬¼¶Óû§£¬¼´ root¡£
³¬¼¶Óû§³Ðµ£ÁËϵͳ¹ÜÀíµÄÒ»ÇÐÈÎÎñ£¬¿ÉÒÔ²»ÊÜÏÞÖƵؽøÐÐÈκβÙ×÷£¬Òò´Ë½¨ÒéÖ»ÓÐÔÚÍêÈ«±ØÒªµÄÇé¿öϲÅÒÔ root Éí·Ý½øÐвÙ×÷¡£
Óɳ¬¼¶Óû§´´½¨ÔÊÐíµÇ¼ϵͳµÄÆÕͨÓû§£¬Ò»°ã³¬¼¶Óû§Ò²ÐèҪΪ×Ô¼º½¨Á¢Ò»¸öÓÃÀ´´¦ÀíÒ»°ãÊÂÎñµÄÆÕͨÕÊ»§¡£
ÏÂÃæÊÇÓû§ºÍ×éȺ¹ÜÀíµÄһЩ»ù±¾¸ÅÄ
Óû§Ãû£º ϵͳÖÐÓÃÀ´±êʶÓû§µÄÃû³Æ£¬¿ÉÒÔÊÇ×Öĸ¡¢Êý×Ö×é³ÉµÄ×Ö·û´®£¬Çø·Ö´óСд¡£
Óû§±êʶUID£º ϵͳÖÐÓÃÀ´±êʶÓû§µÄÊý×Ö¡£
Óû§Ö÷Ŀ¼£º ϵͳΪÿ¸öÓû§ÅäÖõĵ¥¶ÀʹÓû·¾³£¬¼´Óû§µÇ¼ϵͳºó×î³õËùÔÚµÄĿ¼£¬Óû§µÄÎļþ¶¼·ÅÖÃÔÚ´ËĿ¼Ï¡£
µÇ¼shell£º Óû§µÇ¼ºóÆô¶¯ÒÔ½ÓÊÕÓû§µÄÊäÈë²¢Ö´ÐÐÊäÈëÏàÓ¦ÃüÁîµÄ³ÌÐò£¬Èç/bin/bash¡¢
/bin/csh¡£
Óû§×é/×éȺ£º ¾ßÓÐÏàËÆÊôÐԵĶà¸öÓû§±»·ÖÅäµ½Ò»¸ö×éÖС£
×é±êʶGID£º ÓÃÀ´±íʾÓû§×éµÄÊý×Ö±êʶ
³¬¼¶Óû§ÔÚϵͳÖеÄÓû§IDºÍ×éID¶¼ÊÇ0¡£
ÆÕͨÓû§µÄÓû§ ID£¨UID£©´Ó500¿ªÊ¼±àºÅ£¬²¢ÇÒĬÈÏÊôÓÚÓëÓû§ÃûͬÃûµÄ×é¡£×é ID£¨GID£©
Ò²´Ó500¿ªÊ¼±àºÅ¡£
2.1.1 ÓÃsuÃüÁî¸Ä±äÉí·Ý
Óû§ÔÚϵͳʹÓùý³ÌÖпÉÒÔËæʱʹÓà su ÃüÁîÀ´¸Ä±äÉí·Ý¡£ÀýÈ磬ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÔÚƽʱ¹¤×÷ʱ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÆÕͨÕʺŵǼ£¬ÔÚÐèÒª½øÐÐϵͳά»¤Ê±Óà su ÃüÁî»ñµÃ root ȨÏÞ£¬Ö®ºóÔÙÓà su »Øµ½ÔÕʺš£
su µÄÓ﷨Ϊ£ºsu
username ÊÇÒªÇл»µ½µÄÓû§Ãû£¬Èç¹û²»Ö¸¶¨Óû§Ãû£¬ÔòĬÈϽ«Óû§Éí·ÝÇл»Îª root£¬ÏµÍ³»áÒªÇó¸ø³öÕýÈ·µÄ¿ÚÁî¡£
ĬÈÏÇé¿öÏ£¬Ö»ÒªÖªµÀ root ¿ÚÁÈκÎÓû§¶¼¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý su ÃüÁîÇл»µ½ root Éí·Ý£¬ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö°²È«Â©¶´¡£ËùÒÔÎÒÃÇÇ¿ÁÒ½¨Ò飺ֻÓÐ wheel ×é³ÉÔ±²Å¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý su ÃüÁîת»»Îªroot¡£ÊµÏֵİ취ÊÇÐÞ¸Ä /etc/pam.d/su Îļþ£¬È¡Ïû¶ÔÈçÏÂÒ»¾ä¡°auth required
/lib/security/$ISA/pam_wheel.so use_uid¡±µÄ×¢ÊÍ¡£
2.1.2 ϵͳÖеÄÓû§¹ÜÀíÅäÖÃÎļþ
/etc/passwd Îļþ
Red Flag Server 4.1 ϵͳÖÐÓÃÓÚ¹ÜÀíÓû§ÕʺŵĻù±¾ÎļþÊÇ /etc/passwd£¬¸ÃÎļþÖаüº¬ÁËϵͳÖÐËùÓÐÓû§µÄÓû§ÃûºÍËüÃǵÄÏà¹ØÐÅÏ¢¡£Ã¿¸öÓû§ÕʺÅÔÚÎļþÖжÔÓ¦Ò»ÐУ¬²¢ÇÒÓÃðºÅ£¨£»£©·ÖΪÆ߸öÓò¡£
ÿһÐеÄÐÎʽÈçÏ£º
Óû§Ãû:¼ÓÃܵĿÚÁî:Óû§ID:×éID:Óû§µÄÈ«Ãû»òÃèÊö:µÇ¼Ŀ¼:µÇ¼shell
ÏÂÃæÊÇ root Óû§ÔÚ´ËÎļþÖжÔÓ¦µÄÐУº
root:X:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
Linux ϵͳ½«Ã¿Ò»¸öÓû§½ö½ö¿´³ÉÊÇÒ»¸öÊý×Ö£¬¼´ÓÃÿ¸öÓû§Î©Ò»µÄÓû§ ID À´Ê¶±ð£¬ÅäÖÃÎļþ
/etc/passwd ¸ø³öÁËϵͳÓû§ ID ÓëÓû§ÃûÖ®¼ä¼°ÆäËûÐÅÏ¢µÄ¶ÔÓ¦¹Øϵ¡£
/etc/passwd Îļþ¶ÔϵͳµÄËùÓÐÓû§¶¼ÊǿɶÁµÄ£¬ÕâÑùµÄºÃ´¦ÊÇÿ¸öÓû§¶¼¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀϵͳÉÏÓÐÄÄЩÓû§£¬µ«È±µãÊÇÆäËûÓû§µÄ¿ÚÁîÈÝÒ×Êܵ½¹¥»÷£¨ÓÈÆäµ±¿ÚÁî½Ï¼òµ¥Ê±£©¡£ËùÒÔÔÚºìÆì Linux ÖÐʹÓÃÓ°×Ó¿ÚÁî¸ñʽ£¬½«Óû§µÄ¿ÚÁî´æ´¢ÔÚÁíÒ»¸öÎļþ /etc/shadow ÖУ¬¸ÃÎļþÖ»ÓиùÓû§ root ¿É¶Á£¬Òò¶ø´ó´óÌá¸ßÁË°²È«ÐÔ¡£
/etc/shadow Îļþ
ΪÁ˱£Ö¤ÏµÍ³µÄ°²È«ÐÔ£¬ÏµÍ³Í¨³£¶ÔÓû§µÄ¿ÚÁî½øÐÐ shadow ´¦Àí£¬²¢°ÑÓû§¿ÚÁî±£´æµ½Ö»Óг¬
¼¶Óû§¿É¶ÁµÄ /etc/shadow ÎļþÖС£¸ÃÎļþ°üº¬ÁËϵͳÖÐËùÓÐÓû§ºÍÓû§¿ÚÁîµÈÏà¹ØÐÅÏ¢¡£
ÿ¸öÓû§ÔÚ¸ÃÎļþÖжÔÓ¦Ò»ÐУ¬²¢ÇÒÓÃðºÅ·Ö³É¾Å¸öÓò¡£Ã¿Ò»ÐаüÀ¨ÒÔÏÂÄÚÈÝ£º
1¡¢ Óû§µÇ¼Ãû
2¡¢ Óû§¼ÓÃܺóµÄ¿ÚÁ£¨ÈôΪ¿Õ£¬±íʾ¸ÃÓû§²»Ðè¿ÚÁî¼´¿ÉµÇ¼£¬ÈôΪ * ºÅ£¬±íʾ¸ÃÕʺű»½û
Ö¹£©
3¡¢ ´Ó1970Äê1ÔÂ1ÈÕÖÁ¿ÚÁî×î½üÒ»´Î±»Ð޸ĵÄÌìÊý
4¡¢ ¿ÚÁîÔÚ¶àÉÙÌìÄÚ²»Äܱ»Óû§ÐÞ¸Ä
5¡¢ ¿ÚÁîÔÚ¶àÉÙÌìºó±ØÐë±»ÐÞ¸Ä
6¡¢ ¿ÚÁî¹ýÆÚ¶àÉÙÌìºóÓû§Õʺű»½ûÖ¹
7¡¢ ¿ÚÁîÔÚµ½ÆÚ¶àÉÙÌìÄÚ¸øÓû§·¢³ö¾¯¸æ
8¡¢ ¿ÚÁî×Ô1970Äê1ÔÂ1ÈÕ±»½ûÖ¹µÄÌìÊý
9¡¢ ±£ÁôÓò
/etc/group Îļþ
ÔÚ Linux ÖУ¬Ê¹ÓÃ×éÀ´¸³ÓèÓû§·ÃÎÊÎļþµÄ²»Í¬È¨ÏÞ¡£×éµÄ»®·Ö¿ÉÒÔ²ÉÓöàÖÖ±ê×¼£¬Ò»¸öÓû§¿É
ͬʱ°üº¬ÔÚ¶à¸ö×éÄÚ¡£¹ÜÀíÓû§×éµÄ»ù±¾ÎļþÊÇ /etc/group£¬ÆäÖаüº¬ÁËϵͳÖÐËùÓÐÓû§×éµÄÏà¹ØÐÅÏ¢¡£Ã¿¸öÓû§×é¶ÔÓ¦ÎļþÖеÄÒ»ÐУ¬²¢ÓÃðºÅ·Ö³ÉËĸöÓò¡£ÆäÖÐÿһÐеÄÐÎʽÈçÏ£º
Óû§×éÃû£º¼ÓÃܺóµÄ×é¿ÚÁ×éID£º×é³ÉÔ±Áбí
ÏÂÃæÊÇÓû§×é sys ÔÚ /etc/group ÖжÔÓ¦µÄÒ»ÐУº
sys:x:3:root,bin,adm
´ú±íµÄÐÅÏ¢°üÀ¨£ºÏµÍ³ÖÐÓÐÒ»¸ö³ÆΪ sys µÄÓû§×飬ÉèÓпÚÁ×é ID Ϊ3£¬×éÖеijÉÔ±ÓÐ root¡¢
bin¡¢adm Èý¸öÓû§¡£
Red Flag Server 4.1 ÔÚ°²×°ÖÐͬÑù´´½¨ÁËһЩ±ê×¼µÄÓû§×飬ÔÚÒ»°ãÇé¿öÏ£¬½¨ÒéÄú²»Òª¶ÔÕâЩÓû§×é½øÐÐɾ³ýºÍÐ޸ģ¬³ý·ÇÄúÍêÈ«Ã÷°×ËüÃǵÄÓÃ;ºÍÒâÒå¡£
/etc/skel Ŀ¼
Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ£¬Ã¿¸öÓû§¶¼ÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄÖ÷Ŀ¼£¬Óû§³É¹¦µÇ¼ºó¾Í´¦ÓÚ×Ô¼ºµÄÖ÷Ŀ¼Ï¡£Ö÷Ŀ¼Öдæ·ÅÓÐÓëÓû§Ïà¹ØµÄÎļþ¡¢ÃüÁîºÍÅäÖᣵ±ÎªÐÂÓû§´´½¨Ö÷Ŀ¼ʱ£¬ÏµÍ³»áÔÚÐÂÓû§µÄÖ÷Ŀ¼Ï½¨Á¢Ò»·Ý
/etc/skel Ŀ¼ÏÂËùÓÐÎļþµÄ¿½±´£¬ÓÃÀ´³õʼ»¯Óû§µÄÖ÷Ŀ¼¡£
2.2 ʹÓÃrfuser¹ÜÀíÓû§Óë×éȺ
ÀûÓà rfuser Óû§ºÍ×éȺ¹ÜÀí¹¤¾ß£¬¿ÉÒÔÇáËɵĹÜÀíϵͳÖеÄÓû§ºÍÓû§×飬°üÀ¨Íê³Éн¨¡¢²é¿´¡¢¹ÜÀíÕʺš¢ÃÜÂ롢ȨÏÞµÈËùÓвÙ×÷¡£
ÔÚ¿ØÖÆÃæ°åµÄ¡°ÏµÍ³ÅäÖá±ÏîÖÐÑ¡Ôñ¡°±¾µØÓû§ºÍ×顱£¬»òÔÚ KDE ×ÀÃæ»·¾³ÏÂʹÓÃÃüÁî rfuser £¬
¼´¿É´ò¿ª±¾µØÓû§ºÍ×é¹ÜÀíÆ÷¡£
rfuser ¹¤¾ßÐèÒªÒÔ³¬¼¶Óû§Éí·ÝÔËÐС£
ϵͳȱʡ´´½¨µÄÓû§ºÍ×éȺ¶ÔÓÚϵͳ¹ÜÀíºÍÓ¦ÓóÌÐòµÄʹÓÃÓÐÖØÒªµÄÒâÒ壬²»ÒªËæÒâÐ޸Ļòɾ³ýËüÃÇ£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ root Óû§£¬·ñÔòÓпÉÄܵ¼ÖÂϵͳÒì³£ÉõÖÁ±ÀÀ£¡£
2.2.1 ²é¿´Óû§ºÍÓû§×é
ÔÚͼ2-1ËùʾµÄ±¾µØÓû§ºÍ×é¹ÜÀíÖ÷½çÃæÖУ¬µã»÷¡°Óû§¡±±êÇ©Áгö±¾µØÓû§¼°Æä»ù±¾ÐÅÏ¢£¬°üÀ¨Óû§Ãû¡¢Óû§ UID¡¢ËùÊôÖ÷×éȺ¡¢Óû§ÃèÊöÐÅÏ¢¡¢µÇ¼ shell ºÍÓû§µÄÖ÷Ŀ¼ÐÅÏ¢£»µã»÷¡°×顱±ê
Ç©ÏÔʾϵͳÖÐ×éȺÐÅÏ¢£¬°üÀ¨×éÃû³Æ¡¢×é ID ºÍ×é³ÉÔ±¡£
ĬÈÏÇé¿öÏ£¬Óû§ºÍ×éÁбíÖлáÁгöϵͳÖÐËùÓеÄÓû§ºÍÓû§×éÐÅÏ¢¡£Èç¹ûÒªÏëÖ»ÏÔʾʹÓùý³ÌÖÐÌí¼ÓµÄÓû§ºÍÓû§×éÐÅÏ¢¶ø²»ÏÔʾϵͳÄÚ½¨Óû§ºÍÓû§×飬°´Ï´°¿ÚÓÒÉÏ·½µÄ¡°Òþ²ØϵͳÕÊ»§¡±°´Å¥£¬»òÕßÔڲ˵¥ÖÐÑ¡Ôñ¡°¹¤¾ßÒþ²ØϵͳÕÊ»§¡±£¬ÕâʱÏÔʾÓû§ÐÅÏ¢.
Òª»Ö¸´ÏÔʾËùÓÐÓû§/Óû§×éÐÅÏ¢£¬°´´°¿ÚÓÒÉÏ·½µÄ¡°ÏÔʾËùÓÐÕÊ»§¡±°´Å¥£¬»òÕßÔÚ¡°¹¤¾ß¡±²Ëµ¥ÖÐÑ¡Ôñ¡°ÏÔʾËùÓÐÕÊ»§¡±¡£
2.2.2 Ìí¼ÓÐÂÓû§
µã»÷¹¤¾ßÀ¸Öеġ°Ìí¼ÓÐÂÓû§¡±°´Å¥£¬³öÏÖ¡°Ôö¼ÓÐÂÓû§¡±Ïòµ¼¡£ÔÚ¡°Óû§ÐÅÏ¢¡±´°¿ÚÖÐÊäÈëÓû§ÃûºÍÃèÊöÐÅÏ¢£¬Óû§ÃûµÄÊ×λ±ØÐëÊÇÓ¢ÎÄ×Öĸ£¬²¢ÇÒ²»ÄÜÓëÒÑÓеÄÓû§ÃûÖظ´£»¡°Óû§ID¡±ÊǸÃÓû§ÔÚϵͳÖÐΨһµÄ±êʶ£¬·¶Î§ÊÇ1~65535£¬Ä¬ÈÏÇé¿öÏ£¬ÏµÍ³»áΪÓû§Ö¸¶¨Ò»¸ö500ÒÔÉϵıêʶºÅ£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÊÖ¹¤Ö¸¶¨Óû§µÄ UIDºÅ£¬µ«ÍƼöÓÉϵͳ×Ô¶¯·ÖÅ䣻¡°µÇ¼shell¡±Ò»°ãÖ»Ðè²ÉÓÃĬÈϵÄ/bin/bash£»Ìí¼ÓÓû§Ê±Ä¬ÈÏ»áÔÚϵͳÖд´½¨Ò»¸öÓû§Ö÷Ŀ¼ /home/username £¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÖ¸¶¨ÆäËûµÄĿ¼¡£
µã»÷¡°¼ÌÐø¡±°´Å¥½øÈëÏÂÒ»²½£¬ÔÚÓÒ²àµÄ¡°ÃÜÂ롱ºÍ¡°È·ÈÏ¡±Îı¾¿òÖÐÊäÈëÖÁÉÙ6λµÄÓû§ÃÜÂë¡£
ÃÜÂë×îºÃÊÇÊý×Ö¡¢×Öĸ¼°ÌØÊâ×Ö·ûµÄ×éºÏ£¬Í¼·½±ãʹÓüòµ¥µÄÊý×Ö¡¢Ó¢Óïµ¥´Ê¡¢ÉúÈÕ¡¢µç»°µÈ¶¼¿ÉÄܳÉΪ¸öÈËÐÅÏ¢°²È«µÄÒþ»¼¡£
¿ÉÒÔÉèÖÃÓû§ÃÜÂëµÄʹÓÃÆÚÏÞ£¬Ñ¡ÖС°ÓÀ²»¹ýÆÚ¡±ÔòÓû§ÃÜÂëÓÀÔ¶ÓÐЧ£»Ñ¡Ôñ¡°ÎÞÃÜÂ롱±íʾ¸ÃÓû§²»ÐèÒªÃÜÂë¾Í¿ÉÒԵǼϵͳ¡£
µã»÷¡°¼ÌÐø¡±°´Å¥½øÈë¡°Óû§--×é¹ØϵÉèÖá±½çÃæ¡£
´ÓϵͳÒÑÓеÄÓû§×éÁбíÖÐÑ¡ÔñÐÂÌí¼ÓÓû§½«´ÓÊôµÄ×飬°´¡°Ôö¼Ó->¡±°´Å¥¼ÓÈë¡°Á¥ÊôÓÚ¡±ÁÐ±í¡£
Ò»¸öÓû§¿ÉÒÔͬʱ´ÓÊôÓÚ¼¸¸ö²»Í¬µÄ×飬ÔÚ¡°Ö÷×éȺ¡±ÖÐÑ¡ÔñÓû§ËùÊôµÄÖ÷×éÃû³Æ¡£
Red Flag Server 4.1 ʹÓà UPG£¨user private group£©»úÖÆ£¬Èç¹ûÔڴ˲½ÖèÖÐûÓÐÑ¡ÔñÐÂÓû§ËùÊôµÄÓû§×飬ϵͳ»áÔÚ´´½¨ÐÂÓû§µÄͬʱ»áĬÈÏ´´½¨Ò»¸öºÍÓû§ÃûͬÃûµÄ×é¡£
µã»÷¡°¼ÌÐø¡±°´Å¥½øÈëÏÂÒ»²½£¬µ¯³ö´°¿ÚÖÐÏÔʾÁ˽«Ìí¼ÓÓû§µÄÐÅÏ¢£¬°´Ï¡°Íê³É¡±°´Å¥£¬Ð½¨µÄÓû§½«¼ÓÈëÓû§ÁÐ±í¡£
rfuser »á½«Ð´´½¨µÄÓû§Í¬Ê±¼ÓÈëϵͳµÄ samba Óû§ÁÐ±í£¬¼´¸ÃÓû§Ò²Í¬Ê±³ÉΪÄܹ»Ê¹
Óà SMB Ô¶³Ì·ÃÎʱ¾»úÎļþ»ò´òÓ¡»úµÄÊÚȨÓû§¡£
2.2.3 ±à¼Óû§ÊôÐÔ
Òª²é¿´»òÐÞ¸ÄÒ»¸öÒÑ´æÔÚÓû§µÄÊôÐÔ£¬ÔÚÖ÷½çÃæµÄÓû§ÁбíÖÐÑ¡ÖиÃÓû§Ë«»÷Êó±ê£¬»ò°´Ï¹¤¾ß
À¸Öеġ°ÉèÖÃÊôÐÔ¡±°´Å¥£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÔڲ˵¥ÖÐÑ¡Ôñ¡°¹¤¾ßÉèÖÃÊôÐÔ¡±£¬³öÏÖͼ2-5µÄµÄ´°¿Ú£º
Óû§ÊôÐÔ´°¿Ú·ÖΪÈý¸ö±êÇ©Ò³£º
Óû§ÐÅÏ¢£º²é¿´»òÐÞ¸ÄÓû§µÄ»ù±¾ÐÅÏ¢¡£
ÃÜÂ룺ÉèÖûòÐÞ¸ÄÓû§¿ÚÁî¡¢Óû§ÕʺŵÄʱÏÞ£¬ÉèÖõ±Ç°Óû§ÊÇ·ñ¿ÉÒԵǼϵͳµÈ¡£
Óû§--×é¹Øϵ£º²é¿´»òÐÞ¸ÄÓû§ËùÊôµÄ×éȺ£¬ÉèÖÃËùÊôµÄÖ÷×éȺµÈ¡£
±à¼Íê³Éºó°´¡°Ð޸ġ±°´Å¥Ê¹Ëù×öµÄÅäÖÃÉúЧ¡£
»¹ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ±à¼Óû§ÊôÐԵķ½·¨ÊÇ£ºÔÚÓû§ÁбíÖÐÑ¡ÔñijһÓû§£¬µ¥»÷Êó±êÓÒ¼ü£¬ÔÚ¿ì½Ý²Ëµ¥ÖÐÑ¡ÔñÏàÓ¦µÄ²Ëµ¥Ïî½øÐÐÐ޸ġ£
2.2.4 Ìí¼ÓÐÂ×é
ϵͳ¹ÜÀí¹ý³Ì¾³£Òª½¨Á¢ÐµÄ×éȺ£¬µã»÷¹¤¾ßÀ¸Öеġ°Ìí¼ÓÐÂ×éȺ¡±°´Å¥£¬³öÏÖ¡°Ôö¼ÓÐÂ×éȺ¡±¶Ô»°¿ò¡£ÊäÈëÐÂ×éȺµÄÃû³Æ£¬×éȺÃû³ÆµÄÊ×λ±ØÐëÊÇÓ¢ÎÄ×Öĸ£¬²¢ÇÒ²»ÄÜÓëÒÑÓеÄ×éȺÃûÖظ´¡£×éIDÊǸÃ×éȺÔÚϵͳÖÐΨһµÄ±êʶ£¬·¶Î§ÊÇ1~65535£¬Ä¬ÈÏÇé¿öÏ£¬ÏµÍ³»áΪÐÂÌíµÄÓû§×éÖ¸¶¨Ò»¸ö500ÒÔÉϵıêʶºÅ£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÊÖ¹¤Ö¸¶¨Ò»¸ö±êʶºÅ£¬µ«ÍƼöÓÉϵͳ×Ô¶¯·ÖÅä¡£µã»÷¡°¼ÌÐø¡±°´Å¥£¬ÔÚÓÒ²àµÄÊÓͼÖÐÉèÖÃ×é³ÉÔ±ÐÅÏ¢¡£´ÓϵͳµÄÓû§ÁбíÖÐÑ¡Ôñ½«Á¥ÊôÓÚÐÂ×éµÄ³ÉÔ±£¬°´¡°Ôö¼Ó->¡±°´Å¥¼ÓÈë¡°×é³ÉÔ±¡±ÁÐ±í¡£Ò»¸ö×éÖпÉÒÔ°üº¬¶à¸öÓû§¡£
µã»÷¡°¼ÌÐø¡±°´Å¥½øÈëÏÂÒ»²½£¬µ¯³ö´°¿ÚÖÐÏÔʾÁ˽«Ìí¼ÓÓû§×éµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬°´Ï¡°Íê³É¡±°´Å¥£¬ÐÂÌíµÄÓû§×齫³öÏÖÔÚ×éÁбíÖС£
2.2.5 ±à¼×éȺÊôÐÔ
ÔÚÖ÷½çÃæµÄ×éÁбíÖÐÑ¡ÖÐÒ»¸öÒÑ´æÔÚµÄ×éË«»÷Êó±êÓÒ¼ü£¬°´¹¤¾ßÀ¸Öеġ°ÉèÖÃÊôÐÔ¡±°´Å¥£¬»òÔڲ˵¥ÖÐÑ¡Ôñ¡°¹¤¾ßÉèÖÃÊôÐÔ¡±£¬ÏÔʾ×éÊôÐÔÉèÖô°¿Ú£¬¿ÉÒÔ¶Ô×éȺÃû³Æ¡¢×éID¡¢×éÓû§³ÉÔ±µÈÊôÐÔ½øÐÐÐ޸ġ£
»¹ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ±à¼×éÊôÐԵķ½·¨ÊÇ£ºÔÚ×éÁбíÖÐÑ¡Ôñij×飬µ¥»÷Êó±êÓÒ¼ü£¬ÔÚ¿ì½Ý²Ëµ¥ÖÐÑ¡ÔñÏàÓ¦µÄ²Ëµ¥Ïî½øÐÐÐ޸ġ£
2.2.6 ɾ³ý±¾µØÓû§ºÍ×é
ÔÚÁбíÖÐÑ¡ÔñҪɾ³ýµÄÓû§»òÓû§×飬°´Ï¹¤¾ßÀ¸Öеġ°É¾³ý¡±°´Å¥£¬»òÕßÔڲ˵¥ÖÐÑ¡Ôñ¡°¹¤¾ßɾ³ý¡±£¬È·ÈÏÊÇ·ñɾ³ýϵͳÓû§»òÓû§×é¡£
ɾ³ýÓû§ºó£¬¸ÃÓû§Ö÷Ŀ¼¼°ÆäËùÓÐÎļþÒ²½«±»É¾³ý¡£
2.3 ÃüÁîÐнçÃæϵÄÓû§ºÍ×é¹ÜÀí
2.3.1 Óû§¹ÜÀí
2.3.1.1 Ìí¼ÓÐÂÓû§
ÔÚÃüÁîÐÐÏ£¬³¬¼¶Óû§ root ¿ÉÒÔ°´ÕÕÒÔϵIJ½ÖèÀ´´´½¨ÐµÄÓû§Õʺţº
1¡¢ ÔÚ shell Ìáʾ·ûÏ£¬ÔËÐÐÃüÁî useradd »ò adduser À´Ôö¼ÓÒ»¸öÓû§£º
ÈçÒªÔÚϵͳÖмÓÈëÒ»¸öÃûΪ newuser µÄÐÂÓû§£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒÔϵÄÃüÁ
# useradd newuser
useradd ÃüÁÓкܶà¿ÉÑ¡²ÎÊý£¬ÓÃÀ´ÉèÖÃн¨Óû§µÄһЩÊôÐÔ£¬ÏêϸµÄ²ÎÊýʹÓ÷½·¨£¬Çë²Î¿¼
Æä man page¡£
2¡¢ ΪÓû§ÉèÖÿÚÁ
ͨ¹ý passwd ÃüÁî¿ÉÒÔÍê³ÉΪн¨Óû§ÉèÁ¢¿ÚÁî¡£ÀýÈ磬³¬¼¶Óû§ÒªÉèÖûò¸Ä±äÓû§ newuser µÄ
¿ÚÁîʱ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÃüÁ
# passwd newuser
ϵͳ»áÌáʾÊäÈëеĿÚÁпÚÁîÐèÒªÊäÈëÁ½´Î¡£³öÓÚ°²È«µÄÔÒò£¬¼üÈë¿ÚÁîʱ²»»áÔÚÆÁÄ»ÉÏ»Ø
ÏÔ³öÀ´¡£µ±Óû§Ê¹Óò»´ø²ÎÊýµÄ passwd ÃüÁîʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔÐÞ¸Ä×Ô¼ºµÄ¿ÚÁî¡£
useradd ÃüÁîµÄ³£ÓòÎÊýºÍÑ¡ÏîÈçÏÂ±í£º
Ñ¡ÏîºÍ²ÎÊý ÃèÊö
-c comment /etc/passwd ÎļþÖÐÓû§È«Ãû»ò×¢ÊÍÓòµÄÄÚÈÝ¡£
-d home-dir Ö¸¶¨ÓÃÓÚÈ¡´úĬÈ쵀 /home/username µÄÓû§Ö÷Ŀ¼¡£
-e date ½ûÓÃÕ˺ŵÄÈÕÆÚ£¬¸ñʽΪ£ºYYYY-MM-DD
-f days ¿ÚÁî¹ýÆÚºó£¬Õ˺ŽûÓÃÇ°µÄÌìÊý¡£
-g group-name Óû§ËùÊôÖ÷×éȺµÄ×éȺÃû»ò×éȺID£¨¸Ã×éȺÔÚÖ¸¶¨Ç°±ØÐë´æÔÚ£©¡£
-G group-list Óû§ÊÇÆäÖгÉÔ±µÄÆäËû×éȺÃû»ò×éȺºÅÂ루ĬÈÏÒÔÍâµÄ£©ÁÐ±í£¬ÓöººÅ·Ö¸ô£¨×éȺÔÚÖ¸¶¨Ç°±ØÐë´æÔÚ£©¡£ -m ÈôÖ÷Ŀ¼²»´æÔÚÔò´´½¨Ëü¡£
-M ²»Òª´´½¨Óû§Ö÷Ŀ¼¡£
-n ²»ÒªÎªÓû§´´½¨Óû§Ë½ÈË×éȺ¡£
-r ´´½¨Ò»¸ö UID СÓÚ500µÄ²»´øÖ÷Ŀ¼µÄϵͳÕ˺š£
-p password ʹÓà crypt ¼ÓÃܵĿÚÁî¡£
-s Ö¸¶¨Óû§µÇ¼ shell£¬Ä¬ÈÏΪ /bin/bash¡£
-u uid Ö¸¶¨Óû§µÄ UID£¬Ëü±ØÐëÊÇΨһµÄ£¬ÇÒ´óÓÚ499¡£
2.3.1.2 ÁÙʱ½ûÖ¹Ò»¸öÓû§
ÓÐʱ£¬ÐèÒªÁÙʱ½ûÖ¹Ò»¸öÓû§ÕʺŵÄʹÓöø²»ÊÇɾ³ýËü¡£¿ÉÒÔ²ÉÓÃÒÔÏÂÁ½ÖÖ·½·¨£º
1¡¢ °ÑÓû§µÄ¼Ç¼´Ó /etc/passwd ÎļþÖÐÈ¥µô£¬±£ÁôÆäÖ÷Ŀ¼ºÍÆäËüÎļþ²»±ä£»
2¡¢ ÔÚ /etc/passwd Îļþ£¨»ò /etc/shadow£©ÖйØÓÚ¸ÃÓû§µÄ passwd ÓòµÄµÚÒ»¸ö×Ö·ûÇ°Ãæ¼ÓÉÏÒ»¸ö¡°*¡±ºÅ¡£
2.3.1.3 ɾ³ýÓû§
Íêȫɾ³ýÒ»¸öÓû§°üÀ¨£º
1¡¢ ɾ³ý /etc/passwd ÎļþÖдËÓû§µÄ¼Ç¼£»
2¡¢ ɾ³ý /etc/group ÎļþÖиÃÓû§µÄÐÅÏ¢£»
3¡¢ ɾ³ýÓû§µÄÖ÷Ŀ¼£»
4¡¢ ɾ³ýÓû§Ëù´´½¨µÄ»òÊôÓÚ´ËÓû§µÄÎļþ¡£
userdel ÃüÁî¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´É¾³ýÓû§¼°ÆäÖ÷Ŀ¼¡£ÃüÁîµÄ¸ñʽΪ£º
# userdel [-r]
ʹÓà -r Ñ¡Ï±íʾÓû§Ö÷Ŀ¼¼°ÆäÄÚ²¿µÄÎļþ½«±»É¾³ý¡£
2.3.2 Óû§×é¹ÜÀí
ÒÔÏÂÊÇÓû§×é¹ÜÀíµÄ¼¸¸ö³£ÓÃÃüÁî¡£
2.3.2.1 ½¨Á¢×é
groupadd ÃüÁîÓÃÓÚ½«ÐÂ×é¼ÓÈëϵͳ£¬ÃüÁîµÄ¸ñʽΪ£º
# groupadd newgroup
н¨µÄ×éĬÈÏʹÓôóÓÚ500²¢´óÓÚÿ¸öÆäËû×éµÄ ID µÄ×îСÊýÖµ¡£Èç¹ûÒªÖ¸¶¨×éµÄID£¬¿ÉÒÔÔÚÃüÁîÖмÓÈë -g ²ÎÊý£¬ÈçÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁÔÚ /etc/passwd ÎļþÖвúÉú GID Ϊ503µÄÏîÄ¿£º
# groupadd -g 503 newgroup
groupadd ÃüÁîµÄ³£ÓòÎÊýºÍÑ¡ÏîÈçÏÂ±í£º
Ñ¡ÏîºÍ²ÎÊý ÃèÊö
-g gid Ö¸¶¨Óû§×éµÄ GID£¬Ëü±ØÐëÊÇΨһµÄ£¬ÇÒ´óÓÚ499¡£
-r ´´½¨Ð¡ÓÚ500µÄϵͳÓû§×é¡£
-f ÈôÓû§×éÒÑ´æÔÚ£¬Í˳ö²¢ÏÔʾ´íÎó£¨×é²»»á±»¸Ä±ä£©¡£Èç¹ûÖ¸¶¨ÁË -g ºÍ -f Ñ¡ÏÇÒÓû§×éÒÑ´æÔÚ£¬-g Ñ¡Ïî¾Í»á±»ºöÂÔ¡£
2.3.2.2 ÔÚ×éÖмÓÈëÓû§
ÔÚ×éÖмÓÈëÓû§µÄ·½·¨ÊÇÖ±½Ó±à¼ /etc/group Îļþ¡£Ç°Ãæ½²¹ý£¬Õâ¸öÎļþµÄÿһÐбíʾһ¸ö×éµÄ
ÐÅÏ¢£¬ÆäÖеÚËĸöÓò´ú±í×éÄÚÓû§µÄÁÐ±í¡£ÀýÈ磺user1¡¢user2¡¢user3 ¶¼ÊôÓÚ×égroup1£¬Æä×éµÄ ID Ϊ509£¬Ôò×éµÄÏîÄ¿¾ÍÊÇ£º
group1::509:user1,user2,user3
Òª½«ÐÂÓû§¼ÓÈë×éÖУ¬Ö»ÐèÓÃÔÚÎļþ±à¼Æ÷Öб༠/etc/group Îļþ£¬²¢½«Óû§Ãû¼ÓÈëÓû§ÁбíÖУ¬ÓöººÅ·Ö¸ô¿ª¼´¿É¡£
2.3.2.3 ɾ³ý×é
ʹÓà groupdel ÃüÁîÀ´É¾³ý×é¡£ÃüÁîµÄ¸ñʽÈçÏ£º
# groupdel
Óм¸µãÐèҪעÒ⣺
1¡¢ ×éÖеÄÎļþ²»ÄÜ×ÔÐÐɾ³ý£¬Ò²²»ÄÜ×ÔÐиıäËùÊôµÄ×飻
2¡¢ Èç¹û×éÊÇÓû§µÄ»ù±¾×飨¼´ /etc/passwd ÎļþÖÐÏÔʾΪ¸ÃÓû§µÄ×飩£¬ÔòÕâ¸ö×éÎÞ·¨É¾³ý¡£
gutihuo ÓÚ 2012-12-04 11:23:03·¢±í:
лл£¬ÕâºÃÏñÊǵÚÒ»²¿·Ö£¬È¨ÏÞ»¹Ã»ÓÐÉæ¼°¡£
koov ÓÚ 2005-11-26 00:06:46·¢±í:
¶¥
Myiozzdoc ÓÚ 2005-10-04 01:05:19·¢±í:
Ö§³Ö
CMK ÓÚ 2005-09-11 00:21:08·¢±í:
²»´í
°®µÄ±ßÔµ ÓÚ 2005-08-10 00:15:15·¢±í:
ÊܽÌ
»ð ÓÚ 2005-07-11 00:10:12·¢±í:
Ö§³Ö
rebort_com ÓÚ 2005-05-18 22:35:58·¢±í:
ºÃ,¶¥,
thej ÓÚ 2005-05-18 21:09:31·¢±í:
¶¥